chemistry - 4.5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are drugs?

A

Substances that alter the biochemical processes in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are drugs that have beneficial effects used in?

A

Medicines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a medicine usually contain?

A

The drug plus other ingredients such as fillers to add bulk or sweeteners to improve the taste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do drugs generally work?

A

By binding to specific protein molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where can these protein molecules, which drugs bind to, be found?

A

On the surface of a cell (receptor) or can be specific enzyme molecules within a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can drugs that act on receptors be classified as?

A

Agonists or antagonists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does an agonist do?

A

It mimics the natural compound and binds to the receptor molecules to produce a response similar to the natural active compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does an antagonist do?

A

It prevents the natural compound from binding to the receptor, and so blocks the natural response from occurring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are many drugs that act on enzymes classified as and how do they act?

A

Enzyme inhibitors and act by binding to the active site of the enzyme and blocking the reaction normally catalysed there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the overall shape and size of a drug?

A

Such that it interacts with a receptor binding site or to the active site of an enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can the types of interactions formed include?

A

Van der Waals forces and/or ionic bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the structural fragment of a drug molecule that allows it to form interactions with a receptor binding site or to an enzyme active site normally consist of?

A

Different functional groups correctly orientated with respect to each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can the structural fragment that is involved in the drug action be identified?

A

By comparing the structures of drugs that have similar effects on the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly