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Zootech 101 > Handling Livestock Waste > Flashcards

Handling Livestock Waste Flashcards

1
Q

It means livestock excreta. such as urine, rain, or bathed water, bedding material, soil, hair, feathers or other debris normally included in animal waste handling operations

A

Livestock Waste

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2
Q

refers to the methods used to handle, store, treat, and utilize the waste produced by animals.

A

Livestock waste management

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3
Q

The goal of ? is to minimize pollution, recycle valuable nutrients, and reduce the health risks associated with improper waste handling

A

livestock waste management

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4
Q

Solid waste excreted by livestock, composed primarily of undigested food, bacteria, and other organic matter. It is a rich source of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making it valuable as a natural fertilizer in agriculture.

A

Manure

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5
Q

Liquid waste excreted by animals, rich in nitrogen and other minerals. When combined with manure, it enhances the nutrient value of the waste, but it can also contribute to environmental pollution if not properly managed

A

Urine

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6
Q

Bedding material such as straw, wood shavings, or sawdust used in livestock housing absorbs manure and urine, becoming waste when mixed with these excretions. This waste is often composted or spread on fields as a fertilizer

A

Bedding Waste

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7
Q

Bedding material such as ? used in livestock housing absorbs manure and urine, becoming waste when mixed with these excretions.

A

straw, wood shavings, or sawdust

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8
Q

Uneaten or spilled feed that becomes waste in livestock operations. This can occur due to overfeeding, poor feed quality, or animals refusing certain parts of the feed

A

Feed Wastes

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9
Q

A semi-liquid mixture of manure, urine, and water, often produced in large-scale livestock operations, especially dairy and pig farms. Slurry is stored in tanks or lagoons and can be used for irrigation or as fertilizer, but requires careful management to avoid water contamination

A

Slurry

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10
Q

Dead livestock animals that die due to disease, injury, or natural causes. It must be disposed of in a way that prevents the spread of disease and minimizes environmental impact, such as through rendering, composting, or incineration.

A

Animal Carcasses

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11
Q

A mature cow can produce up to how many pounds of manure per day.

A

70

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12
Q

Approximately how many gallons of urine are generated by cattle daily.

A

5-10

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13
Q

Chickens produce how many pounds of manure per bird per day.

A

0.25

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14
Q

Pig excrete approximately how many times their body weight in manure annually.

A

1.2 to 1.5

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15
Q

Pigs produce a similar quantity of urine as manure which is?

A

1.2 to 1.5

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16
Q

Sheep and goats produce around how many pounds of manure per pound of body weight daily.

A

0.05

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17
Q
  • Livestock waste emits gases like ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide, contributing to air quality degradation and global climate change.
  • Odors from large-scale livestock operations affect nearby communities, impacting quality of life and property values.
A

Air Pollution

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18
Q
  • Over-application of manure can lead to nutrient imbalances in the soil, potentially harming soil health and reducing agricultural productivity
  • Heavy metals and other contaminants in waste may also accumulate in soils, leading to long-term
A

Soil Degradation

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19
Q

Contaminated water bodies and soil can harm local flora and fauna, reducing biodiversity around livestock farms

A

Biodiversity Loss

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20
Q

Runoff from manure can carry nutrients, pathogens, and chemicals into rivers, lakes, and groundwater, leading to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and contamination of
drinking water sources

A

Water Pollution

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21
Q

Anaerobic digesters convert organic waste into biogas, which
can be used for heat and electricity generation. The remaining digestate can be used as fertilizer

A

Anaerobic digestion

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22
Q
  • Is a natural process that decomposes organic waste into nutrient-rich soil amendments.
  • This method is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers
A

Composting

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23
Q
  • Technologies such as phosphorus and nitrogen recovery systems help capture and recycle valuable nutrients from livestock waste.
  • These nutrients can then be used as fertilizer, reducing the need for artificial fertilizers
A

Nutrient recovery technologies

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24
Q

Biogas produced during anaerobic digestion can be used as a renewable source of energy. It can replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, making livestock waste management more sustainable

A

Biogas utilization

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25
Q

Livestock farms can also incorporate solar panels to generate electricity. Solar energy can power various aspects of waste management systems, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources

A

Solar Power

26
Q

In areas with suitable wind conditions, this can be installed to generate renewable electricity. This clean energy can be used to power waste treatment facilities and other farm operations

A

wind turbines

27
Q

Precision agriculture technologies, such as soil sensors and GPS mapping, can help farmers optimize nutrient application based on soil testing and crop needs. This reduces waste accumulation and ensures efficient nutrient utilization

A

Nutrient management planning

28
Q

Variable rate application equipment enables farmers to apply fertilizers or manure at different rates based on soil nutrient levels and crop requirements. This saves resources and minimizes environmental impact

A

Variable rate technology

29
Q

slowly release nutrients over time, matching the nutrient uptake needs of crops. This reduces the risk of nutrient runoff and enhances waste utilization efficiency

A

Controlled release fertilizers

30
Q

Prevents soil, water, and air pollution by controlling nutrient runoff, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and avoiding contamination of groundwater and waterways.

A

Environmental Protection

31
Q

Reduces the risk of disease transmission from pathogens in waste, ensuring safer conditions for both farm workers and surrounding communities.

A

Improved Public Health

32
Q

Manure can be used as an organic fertilizer, returning valuable
nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.

A

Nutrient Recycling

33
Q

Waste can be processed to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion, providing a renewable source of energy for electricity, heat, or fuel

A

Renewable Energy Production

34
Q

Proper management helps minimize foul odors from livestock operations, improving air quality and relations with nearby communities.

A

Odor Control

35
Q

By recycling waste into useful by-products like fertilizer and energy, farms can lower operational costs and reduce reliance on external inputs such as chemical fertilizers and energy

A

Cost Savings

36
Q

Enhances farm sustainability by closing the nutrient loop, reducing waste disposal needs, and promotingefficient resource use.

A

Sustainability

37
Q

Ensures adherence to local, state,,and federal environmental regulations, helping avoid fines or penalties and fostering a positive relationship with,regulatory bodies.

A

Compliance with Regulations

38
Q

Clean and well-maintained facilities contribute to healthier and more comfortable living conditions,for livestock, reducing stress and improving overall productivity

A

Animal Welfare

39
Q

Effective waste management techniques, like biogas production, reduce methane.and other greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation.

A

Carbon Footprint Reduction

40
Q

Seek grants, loans, or subsidies to invest in waste management technologies like anaerobic digesters or storage systems.

A

Government incentives

41
Q

Collaborate with government agencies or organizations that provide financial support for environmental improvements

A

Cost-sharing programs

42
Q

Use covers for manure lagoons or tanks to minimize odor emissions.

A

Covering storage facilities

43
Q

Aerobic composting of manure reduces odors compared to raw manure.

A

Composting

44
Q

Apply microbial or chemical additives to neutralize odors in manure storage

A

Additives

45
Q

Use equipment to separate manure into solid and liquid components, making it easier to handle and treat.

A

Solid-liquid separation

46
Q

Implement a plan to apply manure as fertilizer at appropriate rates, matching the nutrient needs of crops to prevent over-application

A

Nutrient management plans

47
Q

Establish vegetative buffer strips around fields to absorb nutrient runoff before it reaches water bodies.

A

Buffer zones

48
Q

Build proper manure storage facilities (lagoons, tanks) to prevent leakage or overflow into nearby water sources

A

Storage structures

49
Q

Capture methane from manure and use it as renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

A

Anaerobic digestion

50
Q

Use covers to trap and collect methane emissions from manure storage.

A

Covering lagoons

51
Q

Regularly remove and manage manure from livestock pens to reduce emissions of harmful gases like ammonia

A

Frequent manure removal

52
Q

Properly compost manure to kill pathogens before land application.

A

Composting and treatment

53
Q

Use biological or chemical processes to treat liquid waste and eliminate harmful organisms before release or reuse.

A

Wastewater treatment systems

54
Q

Keep animal housing and manure storage areas clean to reduce disease risk

A

Regular cleaning and disinfection

55
Q

Partner with neighboring farms or companies that need organic fertilizer, allowing excess manure to be transported and applied elsewhere.

A

Manure export

56
Q

Use technologies to reduce the volume of manure by concentrating nutrients, making it easier to transport and apply efficiently

A

Nutrient concentration technologies

57
Q

Educate and involve the local community in waste management practices, demonstrating efforts to reduce odor, pollution, and improve sustainability.

A

Community engagement

58
Q

Ensure that waste management practices meet or exceed environmental regulations to avoid legal issues and maintain a positive public image

A

Compliance with regulations

59
Q

Build sufficient storage capacity to hold manure during seasons when land application is not feasible (e.g., winter

A

Manure storage

60
Q

Develop nutrient management plans that account for weather and crop cycles to apply manure when it is most beneficial and least harmful

A

Seasonal planning

Zootech 101 (12 decks)

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