Classification Of Common Farm Animals Flashcards
Scientific Name for cattle with humps?
Bos Indicus
Scientific Name for catlle with no humps?
Bos Taurus
Bow Taurus are found in?
Europe
Bos Indicus are found in?
India ( Asian )
Bos Taurus head is?
Short and wid
Bos Indicus head is?
Long
Has fewer sweat glands.
Bos taurus
Has large and more sweat glands.
Bos indicus
Bos Taurus adaptability?
Temperate climate
Bos Indicus adaptability?
Tropical/sub-tropical
Bos Taurs skin?
Skin tightly to body dewlap
Bos Indicus skin?
Skin very loose
Wild swine scientific name?
Sus scrofa
Domesticated swine name?
Sus scrofa domestica
Sheep’s scientific name?
Ovis aries
Goat’s scientific name?
Capra hircus
Domesticated chicken scientific name?
Gallus domesticus
Wild chicken scientific name?
Gallus gallus
Domesticated horse scientific name?
Equus caballus
Wild horse scientific name?
Equus ferus
an in-tact male bovine.
Bull
a young bovine.
Calf
a female bovine that has had a calf.
Cow
is a female bovine that has not had a calf
Heifer
a castrated male bovine
Steer
castrated bull
Ox
intact male pig
Boar
Female pig
Sow
A female pig that has not produced a litter of piglets yet
Gilt
A castrated male pig.
Barrow
A male sheep is called a?
ram
the slang term for ram.
Buck
A female sheep is called a?
ewe
a slang term for ewe
Yoe
A castrated male sheep is called a?
wether
A male goat
Buck
Slang term for Buck
Billy
a female goat
Doe
Slang term for Doe
Nanny
a castrated male goat
Wether
Male chicken that is under a year old
Cockerel
Female chicken that is under a year old
Pullet
Male chicken that is a year or older
Cock
Female chicken that is a year or older
Hen
A male chicken (includes cock and cockerel)
Rooster
Castrated Male chicken
Capon
Castrated Female Chicken
Poulard
a female horse.
Mare
male horse
Stallion
a female horse or pony under 4 years of age.
Filly
A male horse or pony under 4 years of age that has not been
gelded
Colt
castrated male horse
Gelding
the flesh or other edible parts of animals (usually domesticated cattle, swine, and sheep) used for food, including not only the muscles and fat but also the tendons and ligaments.
Meat
is valued as a complete protein food containing all the amino acids necessary for the human body.
Meat
Technical term for meat of cattle?
Beef
Technical term for meat of young cattle?
Veal
Technical term for meat of swine?
Pork
Technical term for meat of sheep?
Mutton
Technical term for meat of young sheep?
Lamb
Technical term for meat of chicken?
Chicken
Technical term for meat of horse?
Chevaline
a female calf.
Heifer calf
a male calf.
Bull calf
Young swine?
Piglet
a piglet fed on its mother’s milk.
Suckling Pig
suckling pig is slaughtered between the ages of?
two and six weeks
female lamb
Ewe Lamb
Male lamb
Ram lamb
young male goat less than a year old.
Buckling
young female goat less than a year old.
Doeling
Young horse?
Foal
is the time during which the animal is pregnant.
gestation period
During pregnancy the fetus develops in the.
uterus
is surrounded by a watery fluid enclosed in membranes.
fetus
supply nutrients and oxygen and carry off waste products.
Blood vessels in the umbilical cord
connects from the navel of the fetus to the placenta.
umbilical cord
lies along the wall of the uterus.
placenta
Food, oxygen, and wastes are exchanged with the mother through the placenta by a process called.
diffusion
The gestation period for cattle is approximately
283 days
In pigs, gestation lasts about?
114 days
In pigs, gestation lasts about 114 days, often memorably summarized as?
“three months, three weeks, and three days.”
Efficient management of the sow during gestation is crucial for?
litter size and piglet health
The gestation period for sheep is around?
147 days
The gestation period for sheep is around 147 days, while goats average?
150 days
The gestation period for sheep is around 147 days, while goats average 150 days. Ensuring adequate nutrition and monitoring during these periods helps prevent complications such as?
dystocia
Horses have a much longer gestation period, about?
340 days
Due to the size and activity level of horses, proper care and monitoring during gestation are essential to?
prevent injuries and ensure a healthy foal.
The incubation periods for chickens are?
21 days
The incubation periods for bobwhite quail are?
23 days
The incubation periods for turkeys and most ducks are?
28 days
The incubation periods for Coturnix (pharaoh) quail are?
17 days
The incubation periods for geese are?
33 days
is the process of giving birth to the new animal.
Parturition
Near the end of the gestation period, the ? reduces the production of progesterone.
corpus luteum
Near the end of the gestation period, the corpus luteum reduces the production of?
progesterone
In cattle, normal presentation (position of the fetus at birth) is the?
front feet first
Difficulty in birthing is called?
dystocia
The umbilical cord is broken at birth. This causes the animal to begin?
breathing
Because the hormone progesterone has stimulated the mammary glands of the mother, she will normally have milk for the young animal to nurse. This first milk is called?
colostrum
colostrum is rich in?
antibodies, vitamins, and minerals
are substances that protect the animal from infections and poisons.
Antibodies
It is important that the newborn animal be given colostrum milk during the first?
12 to 24 hours after birth.
refers to the way animals grab and move food to their mouths.
Prehension
organs do most domestic animals use for prehension?
Most domestic animals use their lips, teeth, and tongue for prehension
What are the main prehensile organs used by pets and humans?
Pets and humans use their forelimbs (arms and hands) as their main prehensile organs.
What prehensile organ is used by horses?
Horses use their lips for prehension.
What prehensile organ is primarily used by cattle?
Cattle use their tongue for prehension.
What prehensile organs do goats and sheep use?
Goats and sheep use both their lips and tongue for prehension.
What prehensile organ is used by swine?
Swine use their pointed lower lip as a prehensile organ.
What prehensile organ is used by poultry?
Poultry use their beak/mouth for prehension.
Mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth.
Mastication
the act of swallowing of chewed foods, beverages or saliva,
DELGLUTITION
DELGLUTITION the act of swallowing of chewed foods, beverages or saliva, and is composed of three phases:
the oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases.
Mechanically reduce the size of ingested food particles by girding
TEETH
What are the four types of teeth found in animals?
Incisors (I)
Canines (C)
Premolars (P)
Molars (M)
Incissors (1). Also called.
nippers
Canines (C).also called?
fangs,eye teeth or tusks
Molars (M). Also called?
Cheek teeth.
i. Long rough and mobile drawn between the incisors and dental pad in herbivores.
ii. Between the upper and lower jaw in others animals.
iii. Inside the mouth, the tongue mixes food with saliva iv. Manipulator organ
TONGUE
is the time when a young animal is separated from its mother and stops nursing.
Weaning age
This process is important because it marks the transition from milk to solid food, which helps the animal grow and become more independent.
Weaning age
Paddy calves age for cattle?
Under 1 week
Paddy calves weight for cattle?
Less than 60 kg
Radical weaning age for cattle?
Under 3 months
Radical weaning weight for cattle?
60-100 kg
Early weaning age for cattle?
3-5 months
Early weaning weight for cattle?
100-150 kg
Normal weaning weight for cattles?
More than 150 kg
Natural weaning age in swine?
10-12 weeks
Commercial weaning age in swine?
2-4 weeks
Early weaning age in sheep?
21-90 days
Traditional weaning age in sheep?
12 - 14 weeks
Late weaning age in sheep?
16- 20 weeks
Forced weaning age in sheep?
6 to 12 weeks
Early weaning age in goats?
6 - 8 weeks
Traditional weaning age in goats?
8 - 12 weeks
Late weaning age in goats?
12 - 16 weeks
Forced weaning age for goats?
6 - 12 weeks
Early weaning age in horses?
4 - 5 months
Traditional weaning age for horses?
6 - 7 months
Late weaning age for horses?
8 - 10 months
Forced weaning age for horses?
4 - 7 months
Early weaning age for chicken?
3 - 4 weeks
Traditional weaning age for chicken?
5 - 6 weeks
Late weaning age for chicken?
7 - 8 weeks
Forced weaning age for chicken?
3 - 5 weeks
is the stage when an animal becomes sexually mature and can reproduce. This period involves physical and hormonal changes that indicate the animal’s ability to produce offspring.
Puberty age
Capability for reproduction marked by gonads producing sufficient gametes and sex hormones.
Puberty age
Key Factors Influencing Puberty Age and Weight for cattled:
Puberty occurs at 55%-60% of adult body weight.
Pure breed cattles reach puberty later than?
crossbreed cattles
What season heifers reach puberty earlier?
Autumn
Autumn-born heifers reach puberty earlier,what delays it?
heat and humidity delay it
Strategies to Accelerate Puberty of Cattles Onset:
a. Nutritional Management
b. Hormonal Protocols
c. Manipulation of Photoperiod
What age most swines reach puberty?
5 months
Breeding Readiness for swine:
Wait one month after first heat for full development.
Puberty in Ewes: Age Range:
5 to 12 months.
mature earlier than multiple birth lambs
Single-born lambs
reach puberty earlier than fall-born lambs.
Spring-born lambs
Male Goat (Buck/Billy): Age of Puberty:
4 months
Male Goat (Buck/Billy): best for breeding at?
1 year
Breeding Capacity of 1 Year Old male goat:
Up to 10 does/month.
Breeding Capacity of 2 Year Old male goat:
Up to 25 does/month.
Breeding Capacity of 3 Year Old male goat:
Up to 40 does/month.
Factors Affecting Reproduction for goats: Seasonal Effects:
Longer days reduce sperm production.
Female Goat (Doe/Nanny): Age of Puberty:
4 to 12 months.
Breeding Weight of female goat:
60% to 70% of adult weight
Mares (Females): Age at Puberty:
12 to 15 months
Stallions (Males): Sperm Production:
Starts around 12-14 months.
Stallions (Males): Breeding Age:
Capable by 15 months to 2 years; full capacity around 3 years.
Testicular Development of stallions: Scrotal Width:
Smaller in younger stallions, indicating less sperm production.
Female Chickens (Pullets): Age Range of puberty:
16 to 24 weeks.
Female chicken signs of puberty:
Fully grown appearance, deep red combs and wattles separated pelvic bones.
Male Chickens (Cockerels):
a. Age Range age of puberty:
16 to 24 weeks.
Male chicken signs of puberty:
Prominent combs and wattles, crowing, mating attempts.
is when a female animal is ready to mate and can become pregnant.
The oestrus period, or “heat,”
is the regular pattern of hormonal changes that prepare the female’s body for pregnancy and includes the oestrus period
oestrus cycle
Cows have two ? that are active when they are not pregnant.
ovaries
Each cows ovary contains many small sacs called ?, each holding one egg (oocyte).
follicles
Each cows follicle are holding?
One egg ( oocyte )
Cow’s follicles were present before birth and release? as they grow.
estrogen
After the cow’s follicle released the egg, the follicle changes into the ?, which produces progesterone.
corpus luteum (CL)
After the cow’s follicle released the egg, the follicle changes into the corpus luteum (CL), which produces?
progesterone
The estrous cycle of cow lasts about?
21 days
Follicles of cow grow in waves, typically?
2 or 3 waves per cycle.
Most follicles regress when progesterone levels are ?, and new ones start growing.
high
Around day 17, if the cow is not pregnant, ? is released from the uterus.
prostaglandin F2 alpha
allows follicles to grow more, increasing estrogen and causing estrus (heat).
Lower progesterone
Estrogen level that makes the cow restless and more receptive to being mounted.
High estrogen levels
occurs about one day after the LH surge and one day after the cow shows standing heat.
Ovulation
The cow’s egg is released into the ?, where it can be fertilized.
oviduct
The cow’s estrous cycle repeats every?
21 days
helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and stops other follicles from developing.
Progesterone
The LH surge triggers ovulation, and if fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues producing?
progesterone
Oestrus Cycle and Rotation of Swine Cycle Length: Approximately?
21 days
Proestrus Phase of swine, Duration and key events:
Duration: 5-6days
Key Events:
• Follicle development
• Estrogen increase
Estrus (Heat) Phase of swine Duration and Behavioral Signs:
Duration: 2-3 days
Behavioral Signs:
• Increased restlessness
• Vocalization
• Standing heat (receptive to mating)
Metestrus Phase of swine, Duration and Key Events:
Duration: 2-3 days
Key Events:
• Follicle rupture
• Corpus luteum formation
• Progesterone production
Diestrus Phase of swine, Duration and Key Events:
Duration: 8-9 days
Key Events:
• Continued progesterone production
• Maintenance of pregnancy (if fertilization occurs)
Heat Detection Tools for swine:
Heat detection aids (e.g., heat detection markers)
Duration of Oestrus Cycle for sheeps?
Approximately 17 days
Proestrus Duration of swine:
~2 days
Estrus Duration of swine:
2-3 days
Metestrus Duration of swine:
~2-3 days
Diestrus Duration of swine:
~10-12 days
Breeding Season for sheep:
August to December
Anestrus in Sheep:
• Occurs outside the breeding season
• Period of reproductive inactivity
Oestrus Cycle Length of Goats:
18 to 24 days
Proestrus Duration of Goats:
2-3 days
Oestrus (Estrus) Duration of Goats:
1-2 days
Metestrus Duration of Goats:
2-3 days.
Diestrus Duration of Goats:
12-15 days
Breeding Season of Goats, Active in what season:
Fall and winter (September to February).
Anestrus phase of Goats, Inactive on what season:
Late spring to early summer
Horse Oestrus Cycle Average Duration:
21 days (18-24 days variation)
Proestrus Phase of Horse, Duration:
2-3 days
Estrus Phase of Horse, Duration:
5-7 days
Metestrus Phase of Horse, Duration:
2-3 days
Diestrus Phase of Horse, Duration:
14-15 days
Breeding season of Horses?
from early spring to late autumn
Anestrus Season in Horses:
Reproductive inactivity during winter
do not have a traditional estrous cycle.
Chickens
Reproductive activity of chickens is controlled by environmental factors like?
light and hormonal changes
The amount of daylight chickens receives.
Photoperiod
Ideal Light Exposure for chickens:
14-16 hours of light daily.
Seasonal Impact for chickens:
Egg production decreases with less daylight and increases with more daylight
Chickens lay eggs every?
24-26 hours
Periodic breaks in egg laying can happen due to?
stress, nutrition, or light changes
Annual process where chickens shed and regrow feathers.
Molting
usually stops during molting.
Egg laying
Molting can last from?
few weeks to several months
When a hen wants to incubate eggs and hatch chicks.
Broodiness
This hen stops laying eggs and stays on the nest.
broody hen
Broodiness can last?
several weeks
can reduce broodiness
Removing eggs or altering the environment
After broodiness, hens generally return to?
laying eggs
Technical term for goats meat?
Chevon
Normal weaning age for cattles?
5 - 8 months
