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Zootech 101 > Classification Of Common Farm Animals > Flashcards

Classification Of Common Farm Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Name for cattle with humps?

A

Bos Indicus

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2
Q

Scientific Name for catlle with no humps?

A

Bos Taurus

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3
Q

Bow Taurus are found in?

A

Europe

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4
Q

Bos Indicus are found in?

A

India ( Asian )

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5
Q

Bos Taurus head is?

A

Short and wid

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6
Q

Bos Indicus head is?

A

Long

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7
Q

Has fewer sweat glands.

A

Bos taurus

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8
Q

Has large and more sweat glands.

A

Bos indicus

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9
Q

Bos Taurus adaptability?

A

Temperate climate

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10
Q

Bos Indicus adaptability?

A

Tropical/sub-tropical

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11
Q

Bos Taurs skin?

A

Skin tightly to body dewlap

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12
Q

Bos Indicus skin?

A

Skin very loose

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13
Q

Wild swine scientific name?

A

Sus scrofa

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14
Q

Domesticated swine name?

A

Sus scrofa domestica

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15
Q

Sheep’s scientific name?

A

Ovis aries

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16
Q

Goat’s scientific name?

A

Capra hircus

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17
Q

Domesticated chicken scientific name?

A

Gallus domesticus

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18
Q

Wild chicken scientific name?

A

Gallus gallus

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19
Q

Domesticated horse scientific name?

A

Equus caballus

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20
Q

Wild horse scientific name?

A

Equus ferus

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21
Q

an in-tact male bovine.

A

Bull

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22
Q

a young bovine.

A

Calf

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23
Q

a female bovine that has had a calf.

A

Cow

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24
Q

is a female bovine that has not had a calf

A

Heifer

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25
Q

a castrated male bovine

A

Steer

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26
Q

castrated bull

A

Ox

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27
Q

intact male pig

A

Boar

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28
Q

Female pig

A

Sow

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29
Q

A female pig that has not produced a litter of piglets yet

A

Gilt

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30
Q

A castrated male pig.

A

Barrow

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31
Q

A male sheep is called a?

A

ram

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32
Q

the slang term for ram.

A

Buck

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33
Q

A female sheep is called a?

A

ewe

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34
Q

a slang term for ewe

A

Yoe

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35
Q

A castrated male sheep is called a?

A

wether

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36
Q

A male goat

A

Buck

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37
Q

Slang term for Buck

A

Billy

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38
Q

a female goat

A

Doe

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39
Q

Slang term for Doe

A

Nanny

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40
Q

a castrated male goat

A

Wether

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41
Q

Male chicken that is under a year old

A

Cockerel

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42
Q

Female chicken that is under a year old

A

Pullet

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43
Q

Male chicken that is a year or older

A

Cock

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44
Q

Female chicken that is a year or older

A

Hen

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45
Q

A male chicken (includes cock and cockerel)

A

Rooster

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46
Q

Castrated Male chicken

A

Capon

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47
Q

Castrated Female Chicken

A

Poulard

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48
Q

a female horse.

A

Mare

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49
Q

male horse

A

Stallion

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50
Q

a female horse or pony under 4 years of age.

A

Filly

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51
Q

A male horse or pony under 4 years of age that has not been
gelded

A

Colt

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52
Q

castrated male horse

A

Gelding

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53
Q

the flesh or other edible parts of animals (usually domesticated cattle, swine, and sheep) used for food, including not only the muscles and fat but also the tendons and ligaments.

A

Meat

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54
Q

is valued as a complete protein food containing all the amino acids necessary for the human body.

A

Meat

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55
Q

Technical term for meat of cattle?

A

Beef

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56
Q

Technical term for meat of young cattle?

A

Veal

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57
Q

Technical term for meat of swine?

A

Pork

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58
Q

Technical term for meat of sheep?

A

Mutton

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59
Q

Technical term for meat of young sheep?

A

Lamb

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60
Q

Technical term for meat of chicken?

A

Chicken

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61
Q

Technical term for meat of horse?

A

Chevaline

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62
Q

a female calf.

A

Heifer calf

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63
Q

a male calf.

A

Bull calf

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64
Q

Young swine?

A

Piglet

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65
Q

a piglet fed on its mother’s milk.

A

Suckling Pig

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66
Q

suckling pig is slaughtered between the ages of?

A

two and six weeks

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67
Q

female lamb

A

Ewe Lamb

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68
Q

Male lamb

A

Ram lamb

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69
Q

young male goat less than a year old.

A

Buckling

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70
Q

young female goat less than a year old.

A

Doeling

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71
Q

Young horse?

A

Foal

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72
Q

is the time during which the animal is pregnant.

A

gestation period

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73
Q

During pregnancy the fetus develops in the.

A

uterus

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74
Q

is surrounded by a watery fluid enclosed in membranes.

A

fetus

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75
Q

supply nutrients and oxygen and carry off waste products.

A

Blood vessels in the umbilical cord

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76
Q

connects from the navel of the fetus to the placenta.

A

umbilical cord

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77
Q

lies along the wall of the uterus.

A

placenta

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78
Q

Food, oxygen, and wastes are exchanged with the mother through the placenta by a process called.

A

diffusion

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79
Q

The gestation period for cattle is approximately

A

283 days

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80
Q

In pigs, gestation lasts about?

A

114 days

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81
Q

In pigs, gestation lasts about 114 days, often memorably summarized as?

A

“three months, three weeks, and three days.”

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82
Q

Efficient management of the sow during gestation is crucial for?

A

litter size and piglet health

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83
Q

The gestation period for sheep is around?

A

147 days

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84
Q

The gestation period for sheep is around 147 days, while goats average?

A

150 days

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85
Q

The gestation period for sheep is around 147 days, while goats average 150 days. Ensuring adequate nutrition and monitoring during these periods helps prevent complications such as?

A

dystocia

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86
Q

Horses have a much longer gestation period, about?

A

340 days

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87
Q

Due to the size and activity level of horses, proper care and monitoring during gestation are essential to?

A

prevent injuries and ensure a healthy foal.

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88
Q

The incubation periods for chickens are?

A

21 days

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89
Q

The incubation periods for bobwhite quail are?

A

23 days

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90
Q

The incubation periods for turkeys and most ducks are?

A

28 days

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91
Q

The incubation periods for Coturnix (pharaoh) quail are?

A

17 days

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92
Q

The incubation periods for geese are?

A

33 days

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93
Q

is the process of giving birth to the new animal.

A

Parturition

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94
Q

Near the end of the gestation period, the ? reduces the production of progesterone.

A

corpus luteum

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95
Q

Near the end of the gestation period, the corpus luteum reduces the production of?

A

progesterone

96
Q

In cattle, normal presentation (position of the fetus at birth) is the?

A

front feet first

97
Q

Difficulty in birthing is called?

A

dystocia

98
Q

The umbilical cord is broken at birth. This causes the animal to begin?

A

breathing

99
Q

Because the hormone progesterone has stimulated the mammary glands of the mother, she will normally have milk for the young animal to nurse. This first milk is called?

A

colostrum

100
Q

colostrum is rich in?

A

antibodies, vitamins, and minerals

101
Q

are substances that protect the animal from infections and poisons.

A

Antibodies

102
Q

It is important that the newborn animal be given colostrum milk during the first?

A

12 to 24 hours after birth.

103
Q

refers to the way animals grab and move food to their mouths.

A

Prehension

104
Q

organs do most domestic animals use for prehension?

A

Most domestic animals use their lips, teeth, and tongue for prehension

105
Q

What are the main prehensile organs used by pets and humans?

A

Pets and humans use their forelimbs (arms and hands) as their main prehensile organs.

106
Q

What prehensile organ is used by horses?

A

Horses use their lips for prehension.

107
Q

What prehensile organ is primarily used by cattle?

A

Cattle use their tongue for prehension.

108
Q

What prehensile organs do goats and sheep use?

A

Goats and sheep use both their lips and tongue for prehension.

109
Q

What prehensile organ is used by swine?

A

Swine use their pointed lower lip as a prehensile organ.

110
Q

What prehensile organ is used by poultry?

A

Poultry use their beak/mouth for prehension.

111
Q

Mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth.

A

Mastication

112
Q

the act of swallowing of chewed foods, beverages or saliva,

A

DELGLUTITION

113
Q

DELGLUTITION the act of swallowing of chewed foods, beverages or saliva, and is composed of three phases:

A

the oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases.

114
Q

Mechanically reduce the size of ingested food particles by girding

A

TEETH

115
Q

What are the four types of teeth found in animals?

A

Incisors (I)
Canines (C)
Premolars (P)
Molars (M)

116
Q

Incissors (1). Also called.

A

nippers

117
Q

Canines (C).also called?

A

fangs,eye teeth or tusks

118
Q

Molars (M). Also called?

A

Cheek teeth.

119
Q

i. Long rough and mobile drawn between the incisors and dental pad in herbivores.
ii. Between the upper and lower jaw in others animals.
iii. Inside the mouth, the tongue mixes food with saliva iv. Manipulator organ

A

TONGUE

120
Q

is the time when a young animal is separated from its mother and stops nursing.

A

Weaning age

121
Q

This process is important because it marks the transition from milk to solid food, which helps the animal grow and become more independent.

A

Weaning age

122
Q

Paddy calves age for cattle?

A

Under 1 week

123
Q

Paddy calves weight for cattle?

A

Less than 60 kg

124
Q

Radical weaning age for cattle?

A

Under 3 months

125
Q

Radical weaning weight for cattle?

A

60-100 kg

126
Q

Early weaning age for cattle?

A

3-5 months

127
Q

Early weaning weight for cattle?

A

100-150 kg

128
Q

Normal weaning weight for cattles?

A

More than 150 kg

129
Q

Natural weaning age in swine?

A

10-12 weeks

130
Q

Commercial weaning age in swine?

A

2-4 weeks

131
Q

Early weaning age in sheep?

A

21-90 days

132
Q

Traditional weaning age in sheep?

A

12 - 14 weeks

133
Q

Late weaning age in sheep?

A

16- 20 weeks

134
Q

Forced weaning age in sheep?

A

6 to 12 weeks

135
Q

Early weaning age in goats?

A

6 - 8 weeks

136
Q

Traditional weaning age in goats?

A

8 - 12 weeks

137
Q

Late weaning age in goats?

A

12 - 16 weeks

138
Q

Forced weaning age for goats?

A

6 - 12 weeks

139
Q

Early weaning age in horses?

A

4 - 5 months

140
Q

Traditional weaning age for horses?

A

6 - 7 months

141
Q

Late weaning age for horses?

A

8 - 10 months

142
Q

Forced weaning age for horses?

A

4 - 7 months

143
Q

Early weaning age for chicken?

A

3 - 4 weeks

144
Q

Traditional weaning age for chicken?

A

5 - 6 weeks

145
Q

Late weaning age for chicken?

A

7 - 8 weeks

146
Q

Forced weaning age for chicken?

A

3 - 5 weeks

147
Q

is the stage when an animal becomes sexually mature and can reproduce. This period involves physical and hormonal changes that indicate the animal’s ability to produce offspring.

A

Puberty age

148
Q

Capability for reproduction marked by gonads producing sufficient gametes and sex hormones.

A

Puberty age

149
Q

Key Factors Influencing Puberty Age and Weight for cattled:

A

Puberty occurs at 55%-60% of adult body weight.

150
Q

Pure breed cattles reach puberty later than?

A

crossbreed cattles

151
Q

What season heifers reach puberty earlier?

A

Autumn

152
Q

Autumn-born heifers reach puberty earlier,what delays it?

A

heat and humidity delay it

153
Q

Strategies to Accelerate Puberty of Cattles Onset:

A

a. Nutritional Management
b. Hormonal Protocols
c. Manipulation of Photoperiod

154
Q

What age most swines reach puberty?

A

5 months

155
Q

Breeding Readiness for swine:

A

Wait one month after first heat for full development.

156
Q

Puberty in Ewes: Age Range:

A

5 to 12 months.

157
Q

mature earlier than multiple birth lambs

A

Single-born lambs

158
Q

reach puberty earlier than fall-born lambs.

A

Spring-born lambs

159
Q

Male Goat (Buck/Billy): Age of Puberty:

A

4 months

160
Q

Male Goat (Buck/Billy): best for breeding at?

A

1 year

161
Q

Breeding Capacity of 1 Year Old male goat:

A

Up to 10 does/month.

162
Q

Breeding Capacity of 2 Year Old male goat:

A

Up to 25 does/month.

163
Q

Breeding Capacity of 3 Year Old male goat:

A

Up to 40 does/month.

164
Q

Factors Affecting Reproduction for goats: Seasonal Effects:

A

Longer days reduce sperm production.

165
Q

Female Goat (Doe/Nanny): Age of Puberty:

A

4 to 12 months.

166
Q

Breeding Weight of female goat:

A

60% to 70% of adult weight

167
Q

Mares (Females): Age at Puberty:

A

12 to 15 months

168
Q

Stallions (Males): Sperm Production:

A

Starts around 12-14 months.

169
Q

Stallions (Males): Breeding Age:

A

Capable by 15 months to 2 years; full capacity around 3 years.

170
Q

Testicular Development of stallions: Scrotal Width:

A

Smaller in younger stallions, indicating less sperm production.

171
Q

Female Chickens (Pullets): Age Range of puberty:

A

16 to 24 weeks.

172
Q

Female chicken signs of puberty:

A

Fully grown appearance, deep red combs and wattles separated pelvic bones.

173
Q

Male Chickens (Cockerels):
a. Age Range age of puberty:

A

16 to 24 weeks.

174
Q

Male chicken signs of puberty:

A

Prominent combs and wattles, crowing, mating attempts.

175
Q

is when a female animal is ready to mate and can become pregnant.

A

The oestrus period, or “heat,”

176
Q

is the regular pattern of hormonal changes that prepare the female’s body for pregnancy and includes the oestrus period

A

oestrus cycle

177
Q

Cows have two ? that are active when they are not pregnant.

A

ovaries

178
Q

Each cows ovary contains many small sacs called ?, each holding one egg (oocyte).

A

follicles

179
Q

Each cows follicle are holding?

A

One egg ( oocyte )

180
Q

Cow’s follicles were present before birth and release? as they grow.

A

estrogen

181
Q

After the cow’s follicle released the egg, the follicle changes into the ?, which produces progesterone.

A

corpus luteum (CL)

182
Q

After the cow’s follicle released the egg, the follicle changes into the corpus luteum (CL), which produces?

A

progesterone

183
Q

The estrous cycle of cow lasts about?

A

21 days

184
Q

Follicles of cow grow in waves, typically?

A

2 or 3 waves per cycle.

185
Q

Most follicles regress when progesterone levels are ?, and new ones start growing.

A

high

186
Q

Around day 17, if the cow is not pregnant, ? is released from the uterus.

A

prostaglandin F2 alpha

187
Q

allows follicles to grow more, increasing estrogen and causing estrus (heat).

A

Lower progesterone

188
Q

Estrogen level that makes the cow restless and more receptive to being mounted.

A

High estrogen levels

189
Q

occurs about one day after the LH surge and one day after the cow shows standing heat.

A

Ovulation

190
Q

The cow’s egg is released into the ?, where it can be fertilized.

A

oviduct

191
Q

The cow’s estrous cycle repeats every?

A

21 days

192
Q

helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and stops other follicles from developing.

A

Progesterone

193
Q

The LH surge triggers ovulation, and if fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum continues producing?

A

progesterone

194
Q

Oestrus Cycle and Rotation of Swine Cycle Length: Approximately?

A

21 days

195
Q

Proestrus Phase of swine, Duration and key events:

A

Duration: 5-6days
Key Events:
• Follicle development
• Estrogen increase

196
Q

Estrus (Heat) Phase of swine Duration and Behavioral Signs:

A

Duration: 2-3 days
Behavioral Signs:
• Increased restlessness
• Vocalization
• Standing heat (receptive to mating)

197
Q

Metestrus Phase of swine, Duration and Key Events:

A

Duration: 2-3 days
Key Events:
• Follicle rupture
• Corpus luteum formation
• Progesterone production

198
Q

Diestrus Phase of swine, Duration and Key Events:

A

Duration: 8-9 days
Key Events:
• Continued progesterone production
• Maintenance of pregnancy (if fertilization occurs)

199
Q

Heat Detection Tools for swine:

A

Heat detection aids (e.g., heat detection markers)

200
Q

Duration of Oestrus Cycle for sheeps?

A

Approximately 17 days

201
Q

Proestrus Duration of swine:

A

~2 days

202
Q

Estrus Duration of swine:

A

2-3 days

203
Q

Metestrus Duration of swine:

A

~2-3 days

204
Q

Diestrus Duration of swine:

A

~10-12 days

205
Q

Breeding Season for sheep:

A

August to December

206
Q

Anestrus in Sheep:

A

• Occurs outside the breeding season
• Period of reproductive inactivity

207
Q

Oestrus Cycle Length of Goats:

A

18 to 24 days

208
Q

Proestrus Duration of Goats:

A

2-3 days

209
Q

Oestrus (Estrus) Duration of Goats:

A

1-2 days

210
Q

Metestrus Duration of Goats:

A

2-3 days.

211
Q

Diestrus Duration of Goats:

A

12-15 days

212
Q

Breeding Season of Goats, Active in what season:

A

Fall and winter (September to February).

213
Q

Anestrus phase of Goats, Inactive on what season:

A

Late spring to early summer

214
Q

Horse Oestrus Cycle Average Duration:

A

21 days (18-24 days variation)

215
Q

Proestrus Phase of Horse, Duration:

A

2-3 days

216
Q

Estrus Phase of Horse, Duration:

A

5-7 days

217
Q

Metestrus Phase of Horse, Duration:

A

2-3 days

218
Q

Diestrus Phase of Horse, Duration:

A

14-15 days

219
Q

Breeding season of Horses?

A

from early spring to late autumn

220
Q

Anestrus Season in Horses:

A

Reproductive inactivity during winter

221
Q

do not have a traditional estrous cycle.

A

Chickens

222
Q

Reproductive activity of chickens is controlled by environmental factors like?

A

light and hormonal changes

223
Q

The amount of daylight chickens receives.

A

Photoperiod

224
Q

Ideal Light Exposure for chickens:

A

14-16 hours of light daily.

225
Q

Seasonal Impact for chickens:

A

Egg production decreases with less daylight and increases with more daylight

226
Q

Chickens lay eggs every?

A

24-26 hours

227
Q

Periodic breaks in egg laying can happen due to?

A

stress, nutrition, or light changes

228
Q

Annual process where chickens shed and regrow feathers.

A

Molting

229
Q

usually stops during molting.

A

Egg laying

230
Q

Molting can last from?

A

few weeks to several months

231
Q

When a hen wants to incubate eggs and hatch chicks.

A

Broodiness

232
Q

This hen stops laying eggs and stays on the nest.

A

broody hen

233
Q

Broodiness can last?

A

several weeks

234
Q

can reduce broodiness

A

Removing eggs or altering the environment

235
Q

After broodiness, hens generally return to?

A

laying eggs

236
Q

Technical term for goats meat?

A

Chevon

237
Q

Normal weaning age for cattles?

A

5 - 8 months

Zootech 101 (12 decks)

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