Halogenoalkanes 1

Question 1

Halogenoalkanes production

Answer 1

1. Addition of hydrogen halide to alkenes. 2. Halogenation of alkenes. 3. Free radical substitution to alkanes. 4.Nucleophilic substitution of alcohols.

Question 2

H.Alkane + OH-(eth) PRODUCT (NaOH)

Answer 2

Alkene+NaX+H2O

Question 3

H.Alkane + NaOH-(aq) PRODUCT

Answer 3

Alcohol. Heat needed.

Question 4

H.Alkane + CN-(eth) PRODUCT

Answer 4

Nitriles. Heat and reflux needed. Method of increasing carbon chain length

Question 5

H.Alkane + NH3(eth) PRODUCT

Answer 5

Amines. Heat and high pressure needed.

Question 6

H.Alkane hydrolysis PRODUCT

Answer 6

Alcohol. Heat and reflux and drops of acid/alkali needed.

Question 7

Production of Chloroalkanes (HCl is produced using NaCl+H2SO4)

Answer 7

1.R-OH + HCl → R-Cl + H2O
2.R-OH + PCl₃ → R-Cl + H₃PO₃
3.R-OH + PCl₅ → R-Cl + POCl₃ + HCl
4.R-OH + SOCl₂ → R-Cl + SO₂ + HCl

Question 8

Production of Bromoalkanes (HBr is produced using NaBr+H2SO4(l))

Answer 8

R-OH + HBr → R-Br + H2O

Question 9

Production of Iodoalkanes (HI is produced using NaI+H3PO4(aq))

Answer 9

R-OH + HI → R-I + H2O

Question 10

Sn2 mechanism DONE BY AND WHAT IS INTERMEDIATE STEP

Answer 10

Done by Primary Halogenoalkanes/Sometimes secondary.
Transition state.

Question 11

Sn1 mechanism DONE BY AND WHAT IS INTERMEDIATE STEP

Answer 11

Done by Tertiary Halogenoalkanes/Sometimes secondary.
Carbocation.

Question 12

Iodoalkanes or Fluoroalkanes will hydrolyse first and is more reactive?

Answer 12

Iodoalkanes will hydrolyse first and is most reactive (since C-I bond lenth is high so bond is weak and easily breakable)