Haloalkane Reactions Flashcards
Haloalkane Reactions
Substitution (with halogen)
Substitution (with more reactive halide)
Substitution (with potassium cyanide KCN)
Substitution (with ammonia NH3)
Substitution (with dilute sodium hydroxide NaOH)
Elimination (with concentrated sodium hydroxide NaOH)
Haloalkane substitution (with halogen)
Haloalkane + halogen –> Dihaloalkane + hydrogen halide
Conditions: UV light
Haloalkane substitution (with halogen) example (C2H5Cl + Cl2)
C2H5Cl + Cl2 –> C2H4Cl2 + HCl
Conditions: UV light
Haloalkane substitution (with more reactive halide)
Haloalkane + Sodium Halide –> Haloalkane + Sodium Halide
Conditions: Ethanol
Haloalkane substitution (with more reactive halide) example (C2H5F + NaCl)
C2H5F + NaCl –> C2H5Cl + NaF
Conditions: Ethanol
Haloalkane substitution (with potassium cyanide KCN)
Haloalkane + Potassium Cyanide –> Nitrile + Potassium Halide
Conditions: Heat, ethanol, reflux
Haloalkane substitution (with potassium cyanide KCN) example (C2H5Cl + CKN)
C2H5Cl + CKN –> C3H5N + KCl
Conditions: Heat, ethanol, reflux
Haloalkane substitution (with ammonia NH3)
Haloalkane + Ammonia –> Amine +Hydrogen Halide
Conditions: Heat, ethanol
Haloalkane substitution (with ammonia NH3) example (C2H5Cl +NH3)
C2H5Cl +NH3 –> C2H7N + HCl
Conditions: Heat, ethanol
Haloalkane substitution (with dilute sodium hydroxide NaOH)
Haloalkane + Sodium Hydroxide –> Alcohol + Sodium Halide
Conditions: None
Haloalkane substitution (with dilute sodium hydroxide NaOH) example (C2H5Cl + NaOH)
C2H5Cl + NaOH –> C2H5OH + NaCl
Conditions: None
Haloalkane elimination (with concentrated sodium hydroxide NaOH)
Haloalkane + Sodium Hydroxide –> Alkene + Sodium Halide + Water
Conditions: Heat
Haloalkane elimination (with concentrated sodium hydroxide NaOH) example (C4H9Cl + NaOH)
C4H9Cl + NaOH –> C4H8 + NaCl + H2O
Conditions: Heat
Zaitsev’s rule
‘Poor get poorer’
The product formed the most is the one where the carbon that loses a hydrogen has the least number of hydrogens to begin with
