Haemorrhoids - mx Flashcards
1
Q
What are the symptoms of haemorrhoids?
A
- fresh painless rectal bleeding
- pruritus ani - irritation and itching
- lump in peri anal area
2
Q
Why may haemorrhoid appear acutely?
A
thrombosis if gripped by anal sphincter
3
Q
How are haemorrhoids investigated?
A
- Examination
- DRE
- abdominal exam - sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy to exclude malignancy
4
Q
How do internal haemorrhoids present?
A
- painless anal bleeding
- perianal mass
- pruritus
- discharge
5
Q
How do external haemorrhoids present?
A
- painful perianal mass
2. pruritus
6
Q
Conservative mx
A
- lifestyle advice - weight loss, high fibre
- stool softeners
- nsaids and analgesia
7
Q
medical mx - stage 1/2 haemorrhoids
A
- rubber band ligation - causes ischaemia and fibrosis
2. sclerotherapy - chemical sclerosant injected to cause fibrosis
8
Q
surgical mx - stage 3 /4
A
- submucosal haemorrhoidectomy
