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Y3 Haematology > Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is haemopoiesis?

A

the formation of blood cells

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2
Q

what is erythropoiesis?

A

the formation of red cells

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3
Q

what is thrombopoiesis?

A

the formation of platelets

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4
Q

what is the most common type of blood cell?

A

red blood cell

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5
Q

what is the average lifespan of a red cell?

A

120 days

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6
Q

what is the average lifespan of a neutrophil?

A

7-8 hours

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7
Q

what is the average lifespan of a platelet?

A

7-10 days

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8
Q

state the steps of development of a red cell

A

pronormoblast
early/intermediate/late normoblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte

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9
Q

state the steps in development of a neutrophil

A 
myeloblast 
promyelocyte 
myelocyte 
metamyelocyte 
band neutrophil 
mature neutrophil
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10
Q

what is the immediate precursor of a platelet?

A

megakaryocyte

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11
Q

what is a “-blast”?

A

a nucleated precursor cell

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12
Q

what is the immediate red cell precursor?

A

reticulocytes

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13
Q

what are myelocytes?

A

the nucleated precursor cell between a neutrophil and a white cell blast

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14
Q

where do all hematopoietic cells originate?

A

from the hematopoietic stem cells

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15
Q

where do haematopoietic stem cells originate embryonically?

A

in the mesoderm

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16
Q

what is the first site of erytrhoid activity?

A

the yolk sac

17
Q

when does the yolk sac lose haematopoietic activity?

A

by week 10

18
Q

when does the liver begin haemopoiesis?

A

week six

19
Q

when does the bone marrow start haemopoiesis?

A

by week sixteen

20
Q

what bones in an adult contain bone marrow that can undergo haemopoiesis?

A

axial skeleton
pelvis
proximal long bones

21
Q

where is a bone marrow biopsy taken in an adult?

A

posterior iliac crest

sternum

22
Q

where is a bone marrow biopsy taken in a young child?

A

tibia

23
Q

what non haematopoietic cells are found in the bone marrow?

A

adipocytes
fibroblasts
osteoclasts
osteoblasts

24
Q

what are the two types of bone marrow?

A

red = haematopoietically active

yellow marrow = fatty and inactive

25
Q

what type of marrow increases with age and what does this cause?

A

yello wmarrow

reduced marrow cellularity

26
Q

what is a normal range for the myeloid:erythroid ratio?

A

1.5-3.3 : 1

27
Q

what regulates neutrophil precursor maturation?

A

G-CSF

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

28
Q

what regulates growth of megakaryocytes from their precursors?

A

thrombopoietin

29
Q

what routine investigations can be done to assess haemopoiesis in non-lymphoid mature cells?

A

blood counts
cell indices
blood film

30
Q

what is immunophenotyping?

A

using antibodies to identify a pattern of antigen expression unique to a cell lineage

31
Q

what tests can be done to assess morphologically indistinguishable cells?

A

immunophenotyping
clonogenic assays
animal models

Y3 Haematology (23 decks)

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