Haemophilic emergencies & Transfusion medicine Flashcards
How many recognized canine blood types currently exist?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 13
B
How many recognized feline blood types currently exist?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7
B
To ensure blood recipient health, which of the following pathogens should be screened for prior to blood donation?
a. Borrelia burgdorferi
b. Dirofilaria immitis
c. West nile virus
d. Brucella canis
D
Which of the following statements is true regarding blood transfusions in canines?
a. Dogs do not have naturally occurring alloantibodies to the DEA 1 group
b. For the first transfusion, the patient does not need to be typed or cross-matched
c. The DEA 1 group can cause a delayed antigenic reaction after a single transfusion
d. If a patient is cross-matched as compatible to a donor, there is no chance of a transfusion reaction
C
Which of the following blood components provides functional platelets?
a. Packed red blood cells
b. Fresh whole blood
c. Fresh frozen plasma
d. Cryoprecipitate
B
Both acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions can be treated via which therapy?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antihistamines
c. Supportive care
d. IVIG
C
Which blood type in felines could be thought of as a universal recipient?
a. Type A
b. Type B
c. Type AB
d. Type O
C
A major crossmatch examines the compatibility between which components?
a. Recipient plasma and donor RBCs
b. Donor plasma and recipient RBCs
c. Recipient plasma and recipient RBCs
d. Donor plasma and donor RBCs
A
Cryoprecipitate would be the treatment of choice for which coagulopathy?
a. Von Willebrand’s disease
b. Hemophilia B
c. DIC
d. Vitamin K1 antagonist rodenticide ingestion
A
he idea of using individual blood components as opposed to blood in its entirety for transfusion is referred to as what?
a. Component therapy
b. Novel transfusion
c. Tailored transfusion plan
d. Law of veterinary transfusion
A
Broad indications for transfusions
- Anaemia
- Coagulopathies
- Thrombocytopaenia
RBC transfusion
Treats anaemia and increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and indicated where there is >20% acute blood loss, low RBC and evidence of transfusion triggers.
What percentage blood loss can healthy animals generally tolerate?
20%
(20ml/kg BW dogs; 10ml/kg BW cats)
PCV requirement for patients undergoing surgery/anaesthesia
At least 20% to ensure adequate O2 carrying capacity
When is an FFP transfusion indicated?
Coagulopathies with extensive bleeding
Colloidal oncotic pressure support
Hypoproteinaemia or hypoalbuminaemia (large volumes required)
Cryoprecipitate
fibrinogen-rich, factor VIII and vWF and useful in patients with factor deficiencies, plasma & protein deficiencies
Cryo-poor plasma indications
Coagulopathic and hyproteinaemic patients
Platelet transfusions are….
Rarely performed due to short storage life (<8 days) or <8h at room temperature.
FWB transfusion preferred method to give platelets
Blood typing & cross-matching
- performed before any transfusion
- cross matching performed on any patient with unknown or known previous transfusion history
- blood typing identifies a patient’s blood group but cross-matching does not but will detect presence of alloantibodies
Massive transfusion
Required for near exsanguination where half to full blood volume is transfused
90mL/kg dogs
66mL/kg Cats
Complications of massive transfusion
Electrolyte disturbances
Metabolic acidosis
Coagulopathy
Hypothermia
TRALI
Immunosuppression
Transfusion reaction
Erythrocytes developed by
haemopoietic progenitor cells via erythropoiesis
EPO
Erythropoietin
Released from the liver in response to a drop in oxygenation and is the primary hormone responsible for the production and regulation of RBC within the bone marrow.
Release of EPO begins a biochemical cascade which results in erythropoiesis and the production of new RBC to increase oxygen levels.
Determination of blood type
Presence or absence of antigens on the surface of RBC
positive = antigen present
negative = antigen absent