Haemodynamic shock

Question 1

Define haemodynamic shock

Answer 1

Acute condition where there is a massive fall in arterial blood pressure

Question 2

What two things can haemodynamic shock be due to?

Answer 2

Fall in cardiac output or total peripheral resistance

Question 3

Name the three types of shock that contribute to the reason of the shock being fall in cardiac output

Answer 3

Cardiogenic shock
Mechanical shock
Hypovolaemic shock

Question 4

What is cardiogenic shock?
What can it be caused by
What are the typical characteristics of cardigenic shock

Answer 4

Ventricles unable to empty properly
Due to: MI damaging left ventricle
Serious arrhythmia
Acute worsening of heart failure
Characteristics: Dramaitc drop of arterial blood pressure
Normal or raised venous blood pressure (Backlog of blood)
Poor tissue perfusion

Question 5

Define mechanical shock

Name two causes of it

Answer 5

Ventricles unable to fill up properly

Cardiac tamponade and pulmonary embolism

Question 6

Describe what a cardiac tamponade would cause

Answer 6

High pressure around the heart
Heart unable to fill up properly
Increased venous pressure since backlog
Decreased arterial pressure
Get an increased heart rate in response

Question 7

Describe how a pulmonary embolism would lead to mechanical shock

Answer 7

Right ventricle not able to empty properly–> increased venous pressure
decreased stroke volume
decreased arterial pressure

With this type of shock, you would expect chest pain and breathing difficulty

Question 8

Define hypovolaemic shock

Answer 8

decreased blood volume

Greater than 20% volume loss can lead to shock response

Question 9

describe what you see in hypovolaemic sshock

Answer 9

tachycardia
weak pulse
clammy cold extremities
pale skin

Question 10

describe the downward spiral that will occur if this hypovolaemic shock carries on for too long

Answer 10

hypoxia in organs
releases chemical mediators (Vasodilators)
total peripheral resistances decreases
blood pressure falls
multi system failure

Question 11

What two types of shock fall under the category of distributive shock

Answer 11

anaphylactic shock and septic shock

Question 12

How does sepsis lead to shock

Answer 12

histamines released in excess
widespread vasodilation
decrease blood pressure
impaired perfusion of vital organs

Question 13

How does anaphylasis lead to shock

Answer 13

severe allergic reaction
histamine released from mast cells
vasodilation–>decrease blood pressure
Also mediators lead to bronchoconstriction and laryngeal oedema so breathing diffficulty

Question 14

What treatment for anaphylactic shock

Answer 14

adrenaline. Vasoconstrictor as acts on alpha 1 receptors