Control of Cardiac Output

Question 1

Define Afterload

Answer 1

the load that the heart must eject against

Question 2

define preload

Answer 2

Amount the ventricles are stretched in diastole (Related to the end diastolic volume)

Question 3

dEFINE TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE

Answer 3

Resistance to blood flow offered by all the systemic vasculature

Question 4

What is the effect on arterial pressure and venous pressure of increasing the TPR

Answer 4

Arterial pressure increases

Venous pressure decreases

Question 5

What is the effect on arterial pressure and venous pressure of decreasing the TPR

Answer 5

decreased arterial pressure and increased venous pressure

Question 6

What is the effect on arterial pressure and venous pressure of increasing the cardiac output

Answer 6

increased arterial pressure

decreased venous pressure

Question 7

what is low compliance

Answer 7

as the ventricales fill, pressure increases rapidly as walls very stiff

Question 8

what is high compliance

Answer 8

and ventricales fill, the pressure increases slowly

Question 9

described the effect on the end diastolic pressure of increased and decreased compliance

Answer 9

with increased compliance, the end diastolic pressure will be low
with decreased compliance, the end diastolic pressure will be raised

Question 10

Define the Frank-Starling law

Answer 10

When you stretch the heart, it contracts harder

Question 11

name two factors, and what can influence each of these, that will determine cardiac output

Answer 11

1. how hard it contracts
   a. determined by the end diastolic volume (how much the heart fills) (Increased stretch means contract harder
   b. and contractility (increased by sympathetic drive)
2. How hard it is to eject blood
   a. determined by aortic impedance (roughly arterial pressure)