Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
Name three groups of causes of congenital heart defects
Genetic, environmental, maternal infections
three genetic causes of congenital heart defect?
downs, turners, marfans
Describe what is meant by a left to right shunt
blood goes from the left heart to the lungs
Describe what is meant by a right to left shunt
deoxygenated blood bypasses the lungs
Label which is acyanotic and cyanotic (Left to right or right to left)
Left to right- Acyanotic
Right to left- Cyanotic
Describe atrial septal defect (+Complications)
Blood from left to right
Increased blood in pulmonary circulation
You get an increased right heart size–>heart failure
rarely damages the lung
Describe ventricular septal defect
Left to right
The left ventricle is pumping blood through the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, so in order to maintain cardiac output, needs to pump harder–>LV hypertrophy
Also more blood going into the lungs, and so more going to the left heart. You get pulmonary venous congestion so pulmonary hypertension
What syndrome do you commonly get Atrio-ventricular septal defect in?
Down’s syndrom
What does Aortic stenosis lead to?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
define coarctation of the aorta?
A narrowing of a section of the aorta
When there is no change in the structure of the heart, what is the shunt commonly?
Left to right (Pressure gradient)
Give five causes of right to left shunt
Tetralogy of fallot Tricuspid atresia hypoplastic left heart Transposition of the great arteries Pulmonary atresia
Describe the four aspects of tetralogy of fallot
The aorta overides the septum
You get ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis–>Right ventricular hypertrophy
Describe tricuspid atresia
No RV inlet
So RA–>LA–>LV–>RV–>pulmonary circulation
so open foramen ovale and ventricular septal defect
Right to left
Describe hypoplastic heart
SMall aorta and left heart
Pulmonary circulation supplies the whole body, so need a patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect
Right to left (Pulmonary trunk –>aorta)
