Haematuria Flashcards
1
Q
causes of false haematuria
A
- Beetroot
- Rifampicin
- Porphyria
- Vaginal bleeding
2
Q
rare causes of haematuria
A
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- bleeding diathesis
3
Q
renal causes of haematuria
A
- Infarct
- Trauma: inc. stones
- Infection
- Neoplasm
- GN
- Polycystic kidneys
4
Q
ureter causes of haematuria
A
- stone
- tumour
5
Q
bladder causes of haematuria
A
- Infection
- Stones
- Tumour
- Exercise
6
Q
prostate causes of haematuria
A
- BPH
- Prostatitis
- tumour
7
Q
urethra causes of haematuria
A
- Infection
- Stones
- Trauma
- Tumour
8
Q
specific questions to ask in a haematuria history
A
- Timing?
- Beginning of stream: urethral
- Throughout stream: renal / systemic, bladder
- End of stream: bladder stone, schisto - Painful or painless?
- Obstructive symptoms?
- Systemic symptoms: wt. loss, appetite
9
Q
investigations for haematuria
A
- Bloods: FBC, U+E, clotting
- Urine: dip, MC+S, cytology
- Imaging
- Renal US
- IVU
- Flexible cystoscopy + biopsy
- CT/MRI
- Renal angio
10
Q
causes of asymptomatic haematuria
A
- IgA Nephropathy/Berger’s disease
- Thin Basement Membrane Disease
- Alport’s syndrome
11
Q
features of IgA nephropathy/Berger’s disease
A
- most common form of glomerulonephritis
- Young male with episodic macroscopic haematuria
occurring a few days after Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. - Rapid recovery between attacks
- ↑IgA
- Can occasionally → nephritic syndrome
12
Q
biopsy results of IgA nephropathy/Berger’s disease
A
IgA deposition in mesangium
13
Q
treatment of IgA nephropathy/Berger’s disease
A
steroids or cyclophosphamide if ↓renal function
14
Q
prognosis of IgA nephropathy/Berger’s disease
A
20% End stage renal disease after 20yrs
15
Q
features of thin basement membrane disease
A
- Autosomal dominant
- Commonest cause of asymptomatic haematuria
- Persistent, asymptomatic microscopic haematuria
- V. small risk of END Stage renal disease
