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MS3 - Renal/Urology > Bladder tumours > Flashcards

Bladder tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for bladder tumours

A 
M
Smoking
Amine exposure (rubber industry)
Previous renal TCC
Schistosomiasis (SCC)
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2
Q

Presentation of bladder tumours

A 
Painless haematuria
Dysuria, frequency, urgency
Recurrent UTIs
Retention
Obstructive renal failure
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3
Q

Examination findings for bladder tumours

A

Anaemia
Palpable bladder mass
Palpable liver

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4
Q

Types of bladder tumour

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma - usually only with schistosomiasis

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5
Q

Metastasis sites of bladder cancers

A

Bone
Liver
Lung

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6
Q

Bladder cancer grading

A

Grade 1: well differentiated
Grade 2: intermediate
Grade 3: poorly differentiated

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7
Q

Bladder cancer staging Tis

A

Carcinoma in situ

Not felt at EUA

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8
Q

Bladder cancer staging Ta

A

Confined to epithelium

Not felt at EUA

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9
Q

Bladder cancer staging T1

A

Tumour in lamina propria

Not felt at EUA

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10
Q

Bladder cancer staging T2

A

Superficial muscle involved

Rubbery thickness

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11
Q

Bladder cancer staging T3

A

Deep muscle involved

Mobile mass

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12
Q

Bladder cancer staging T4

A

Invasion of prostate, uterus or vag

Fixed mass

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13
Q

Ix for bladder cancers

A 
Urine dip - sterile pyuria
Urine cytology
IVU filling defects
Cystoscopy with biopsy
Bimanual EUA
CT/MRI
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14
Q

EUA

A

Examination under anaesthesia

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15
Q

Mx of Tis, Ta and T1 bladder cancers

A

Transurethral diathermy

TURBT

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16
Q

TURBT

A

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour

17
Q

Mx of T2 and T3 bladder cancers

A

Radical cystectomy with ileal conduit

Adjuvant chemo - eg. M-VAC

18
Q

Mx of T4 bladder cancers

A

Palliative chemo / radiotherapy

Long term catheterisation

19
Q

Complications of bladder cancers

A

Massive bladder haemorrhage

Cystectomy can cause sexual and urinary malfunction

MS3 - Renal/Urology (13 decks)

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