Haematology 3 Flashcards
Describe the different ways through which macrocytic anaemia can be caused, given the details of the relationship between causes and then two main possible mechanisms where relevant.(5)
pg 2
Explain what haemolytic anaemia is, describe what can cause it, categorising it, also(3)
pg 3
Recall the different sites of defects and the nature of damage- where relevant - for both inherited and acquired haemolytic anaemia. For each site of defect give examples.(3)
pg 5
· A microcytic anaemia is likely to be due to:
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folic acid deficiency
iron deficiency
Haemolysis
acute blood bloss
-
Iron Deficiency
- With B12 and folate deficiency you would expect it to be macrocytic
- Haemolysis and blood loss are normocytic
List, and give the details (where relevant), of the causes of polycythaemia(2)
pg 8
Describe the mechanisms and causes of normocytic, normochromic anaemia.(3)
pg 3
List the mechanisms of anaemia.(1)
pg1
Describe how G6PD deficiency leads to haemolysis and give the detail of other features of the blood that it is associated with(3)
pg 7
Polycythemia in a patient seeing his general practitioner in London because of he has noticed his urine is red is most likely to be due to :
Chronic renal failure
Living at high altitude
Hypoxia from chronic obstrctive pulmonary disease
Haemolysis
Renal carcinoma
-
Renal Carcinoma
- Haemolysis will give you dark urine because there is lots of bilirubin
- Chronic renal failure and haemolysis do NOT cause polycythaemia (haemolysis causes anaemia)
- The other three options can cause polycythaemia but the only one where you could get blood in the urine is renal carcinoma
Describe what polycythaemia is and give the features of the blood cell parameters that it is associated with. Differentiate between true polycythemia and pseudopolycythemia/ apparentbpolycythaemia.(1)
pg 8
Define what anaemia. Using this definition, describe the two main components of blood that could be affected to cause anaemia. Explain why one of the components is affected a lot more than the other in anaemia.(2)
pg1
Describe the circumstances where you would suspect haemolytic anaemia(5)
pg 4
Describe, and explain where relevant , the different causes of haemolytic anaemia(4)
pg 4
Explain how you could differentiate between mechanisms and causes of anaemia(1)
pg1
Describe what happens in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Describe how it can be diagnosed and how it can be treated.(3)
pg 7
Describe the consequences of polycythaemia and how it is treated under different circumstances(2)
pg 8
Give the details of the causes of microcytic anaemia for its possible mechanisms(1)
pg 2
Describe what heriditary spherocytosis is. Explain how it leads to the features of the blood and other consequences it is associated with.(4)
pg 6
Describe how anaemia can be classified on the basis of cell size(1)
pg1
what is the life span of a sickle
Sickle cell anaemia - the life span of a sickle cell is about 10 days
