Haematology Flashcards
What would presence of spherocytes on blood smear indicate?
Hemolytic anaemia
What antiglobulin test is positive in hemolytic anaemia?
Direct antiglobulin testing
IgG antibodies present
What condition produces bite cells in blood smear?
G6PD
When are howell jolly bodies present?
Splenic dysfunction
When are rouleaux cells present?
Malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma
Which cells are seen in hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Reed sternberg
What chromosome is important in development in chronic myeloid leukaemia?
Philadelphia chromosome
What is wrong with the Philadelphia chromosome in CML?
Reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22
What is light chain deposition?
are blood cell disorder that occurs when the body deposits too many light chains in organs, damaging them and causing disease. Light chains are fragments of immunoglobulins that the body uses to fight infection. The kidneys normally clear light chains, but in LCDD, they build up and cause disease.
Which disease is associated with light chain deposition and why can it cause renal failure?
Multiple myeloma
Causes renal failure by causing tubular toxicity
What is non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction?
Due to acute reaction to plasma proteins - as long as temp is below 38.5 and patient is asymptomatic transfusion ca be temp stopped then continue with regular observations
Which factor is haemophilia A vs B caused by?
A - Factor Viii
B - Factor ix
What is haemophilia?
Deficiencies in clotting factors of viii and ix which are part of coagulation cascade
What is diagnositc method for haemophilias?
Factor assays
How can minor bleeds in haemophilia A be managed medically? and how does it work?
Desmopressin - increases factor Viii
For major bleeds in haemophilia A and B what is treatment?
Recombinant factor viii and vi respectively
What complication in haemophilia A can arise following factor viii treatment?
Boy can develop inhibitor to factor viii
What is inheritance pattern of haemophilia?
X linked recessive
What causes beta thalassaemia major?
Defect causing a ceasing in beta chain production - therefore no HbA is produced so HbF is continued to be produced to compensate for this
When does beta thalassaemia major present?
First year of life
When does HbF normally stop being produced?
At 6 months
What symptoms can present with beta thalassaemia major?
RBC being produced in abnromal locations like spleen - causing splenomegaly and skull - causes frontal bossing
Which ethnicity of patients are usually affected by beta thalassaemia major?
Mediterranean or far eastern
What is inheritance of thalassaemia?
Autosomal recessive