Habituation and Sensitisation(Chpt.2) Flashcards
Elicited Behaviors
Any behavior in response to a stimulus (sneezing, knee jerk, orienting, eye blinking.
all of these can be thought of as a reflex
The reflex
The reflex has 2 components a stimulus and response
physiologically the sensory input is linked to motor output
Sensory neuron
(Afferent) neuron bring it to the CNS
Interneuron
relay into to motor neuron
Motor neuron
(Efferent) to the muscles
Look at the Visual Attention Pic.
chart
Habituation (decrease neurotransmitter)
is stimulus specific
a decrease in responding to an eliciting stimulus with repeated presentations of that stimulus.
ec. when you are eating a lot more when your with friends for example party
The startle response
It’s the behavior to something startling if someone scares you unexpectedly, you probably will jump your shoulders will raise. We can measure using animals using a stabilimeter and visual observation
ec.when a mouse is startled with noise but overtime it slowly adapts and goes about it normal way
long term habituation using startle with rats over a few days
high to low frequencies longer breaks
-less frequent presentations/ stimulus but over long period of time
short term habituation using startle with rats in a day
low frequencies shorter breaks
high frequency of stimulus over short period of time
sensitisation (increase neurotransmitters)
an increase of responding to an eliciting stimulus with repeated presentations of that stimulus.
-heightened state of arousal
Background noise
110db eliciting stimulus
2 groups chart
1.pleasant pics->shock (threat)
unpleasant pics->no shock (safe)
2.Pleasant pics ->no shock (safe)
unplesant pics->shock (threat )
clear sense effect
adaptiveness of habituation and sensitisation
used to focus the world, survival, also, they are crucial effects to be aware of in experiments of learning
Sensory Problem:
Is a decrease in responding always a result of habituation
fatigue is habituation decrease in responding
Dual Process theory
Habituation Process-decrease responsiveness
- stimulus response (S-R) SYSTEM, REFLEX SYSTEM
- activated every time
Sensitisation Process-increases responsiveness
- emtional state system
- Activated only when aroused
-not mutually exclusive complete for control over behavior
Q.This efferent neuron recieves information from the interneuron and relays information to the muscles
A. motor neuron
Q.Long term habituation is a result of less frequent stimulus presentations spread out over multiple days.
A.True
Emotions and motivations
a stimulus can also elicit complex emotions ec.love, hate,sexual arousal,euphoria
Characteristic of emotional reactions
- emotional reactions are biphasic (having two phases: the patient’s biphasic recovery curve.
- the primary reaction becomes weaker with repeated presentations
- the weakening of the primary reaction with repeated exposure is accompanied by a strengthening of the after reaction
Opponent process theory of motivation
assumption-the body wants to maintain emotional stability
Opponent process theory chart
Condition respond to the drug
x is manifest affective response
y is time
Happiness a-b A=HIGH B=Homostasis (stability) Goes down (habituation)
Sadness
a-b
A=neutral homostasis
goes down (habituation)
Underlying opponent process
A is high and B is low balances out drug and overtime there is drug withdrawals
Why do some behaviors become sensitized and others habituate
To sensitize a behavior (or a reflex) the animal/human must already be in a state of arousal
