Classical Conditioning:Basics (Chpt.4) Flashcards
Excitatory conditioning
The CS comes to elicits the behavior associated with the US
CS->US ^ increase in CR
Ec. tone->food increase in salvation
Inhibitory
CS->NO US decrease CR
Ec.tone->No food decrease in salvation
Conditioning trial:
a single presentation of the CS and US
Ec. tone and food
Intertrial interval (ITI)
The time between successive conditioning trials
Interstimulus interval (ISI)
time between the start of the CS and the beginning of the US
Ec. start of tone and beginning of food
Trace interval
CS on switch
Procedure that influence excitatory
conditioning
(look @notes)
-short delayed conditioning
trace conditioning
CS->US
-long delayed conditioning
CS->->->US
-simultaneous conditioning
-backward conditioning us first cs after
US->CS
all CS & US OVER TIME
Measuring CR
Test trial:present the CS alone
magnitude
latency
probability
Control procedures
Must make sure that the observed change in behavior could not have been produced by prior separate presentations of the CS or the US (Presudoconditioning) random control procedure and explicitly unpaired control
Inhibitory conditioning
There are stimuli all around us that inhibit our behaviors. At a funeral, we inhibit laughing. If you see a pie, you approach it. Once you get closer, you see that its steak and kidney pie, you withdraw from it.
a stimulus that signals the absence of the US is said to be a conditioned inhibitor
CS+=EXCITATORY; CS->US
ec .tone+=excitatory; tone>food
CS-=INHIBITORY; CS->NO US
ec.tone-=inhabitory;tone->not tone
Procedures for CI
standard preocedure
A+AB-
A+A-
TRIAL A
A+CSa->US (TONE AND FOOD)
B
AB-CSa+CSb->NO US
TONE&LIGHT NO FOOD
b is light
Differential Procedure
CS+->US
CS–>NO US
Direct observation
good for bi-directional respond systems heart rate, respiration, approach/ withdraw responses but what about freezing behavior eye blinking
Summation test (compound test)
present the CS-in the presence of another CS
ec.CLICKER & LIGHT
Tone->food (A+)
Tone+light->no food (AX-)
Clicker->Food (B+)
Retardation of Acquisition Test
Excitatory conditioning will be more difficult to an already established CI that a neutral CS
tone->food (A+)
tone+Light -> no food (AX-)
To test for retardation of acquisition:
Light->Food previously established CI
Visual->Food visual cue is neutral
Lick suppression procedure
Light->Shock (A+)
Light + Tone-> no shock (AX-)
Clicker-> Shock (B+)
Temporal Contiguity
describes the relationship between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US with respect to time.
Summation Test
a test of conditioned inhibition when you pair an established conditioned inhibitor with an excitatory conditioned stimulus.
Retardation Test
a test of conditioned inhibition where you compare excitatroy conditioned to a neutral CS to an established conditioned inhibitor.
Latency
a way of measuring conditioned responding. Describes the time it takes for the animal to make a conditioned response.
Comparing CE and CI
Excitatory conditioning is easier to get than conditioned inhibition
presence of the US is more salient than the absence of the US
food (more noticeable) than the absent of food
Effective CS and US
Initial response
- CS
- US
ec. food and tone
must be defined prior to conditioning an event can act as a CS and a US different situations
