Classical Conditioning:Basics (Chpt.4)

Question 1

Excitatory conditioning

Answer 1

The CS comes to elicits the behavior associated with the US

CS->US ^ increase in CR
Ec. tone->food increase in salvation

Question 2

Inhibitory

Answer 2

CS->NO US decrease CR

Ec.tone->No food decrease in salvation

Question 3

Conditioning trial:

Answer 3

a single presentation of the CS and US

Ec. tone and food

Question 4

Intertrial interval (ITI)

Answer 4

The time between successive conditioning trials

Question 5

Interstimulus interval (ISI)

Answer 5

time between the start of the CS and the beginning of the US

Ec. start of tone and beginning of food

Question 6

Trace interval

Answer 6

CS on switch

Question 7

Procedure that influence excitatory
conditioning
(look @notes)

Answer 7

-short delayed conditioning
trace conditioning
CS->US

-long delayed conditioning
CS->->->US

-simultaneous conditioning
-backward conditioning us first cs after
US->CS

all CS & US OVER TIME

Question 8

Measuring CR

Answer 8

Test trial:present the CS alone

magnitude
latency
probability

Question 9

Control procedures

Answer 9

Must make sure that the observed change in behavior could not have been produced by prior separate presentations of the CS or the US (Presudoconditioning) random control procedure and explicitly unpaired control

Question 10

Inhibitory conditioning

Answer 10

There are stimuli all around us that inhibit our behaviors. At a funeral, we inhibit laughing. If you see a pie, you approach it. Once you get closer, you see that its steak and kidney pie, you withdraw from it.

a stimulus that signals the absence of the US is said to be a conditioned inhibitor

CS+=EXCITATORY; CS->US
ec .tone+=excitatory; tone>food

CS-=INHIBITORY; CS->NO US

ec.tone-=inhabitory;tone->not tone

Question 11

Procedures for CI

standard preocedure

Answer 11

A+AB-
A+A-

TRIAL A
A+CSa->US (TONE AND FOOD)

B
AB-CSa+CSb->NO US
TONE&LIGHT NO FOOD
b is light

Question 12

Differential Procedure

Answer 12

CS+->US

CS–>NO US

Question 13

Direct observation

Answer 13

good for bi-directional respond systems heart rate, respiration, approach/ withdraw responses but what about freezing behavior eye blinking

Question 14

Summation test (compound test)

Answer 14

present the CS-in the presence of another CS
ec.CLICKER & LIGHT

Tone->food (A+)
Tone+light->no food (AX-)
Clicker->Food (B+)

Question 15

Retardation of Acquisition Test

Answer 15

Excitatory conditioning will be more difficult to an already established CI that a neutral CS

tone->food (A+)
tone+Light -> no food (AX-)

To test for retardation of acquisition:
Light->Food previously established CI

Visual->Food visual cue is neutral

Question 16

Lick suppression procedure

Answer 16

Light->Shock (A+)
Light + Tone-> no shock (AX-)
Clicker-> Shock (B+)

Question 17

Temporal Contiguity

Answer 17

describes the relationship between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US with respect to time.

Question 18

Summation Test

Answer 18

a test of conditioned inhibition when you pair an established conditioned inhibitor with an excitatory conditioned stimulus.

Question 19

Retardation Test

Answer 19

a test of conditioned inhibition where you compare excitatroy conditioned to a neutral CS to an established conditioned inhibitor.

Question 20

Latency

Answer 20

a way of measuring conditioned responding. Describes the time it takes for the animal to make a conditioned response.

Question 21

Comparing CE and CI

Answer 21

Excitatory conditioning is easier to get than conditioned inhibition

presence of the US is more salient than the absence of the US

food (more noticeable) than the absent of food

Question 22

Effective CS and US

Answer 22

Initial response

• CS
• US
  ec. food and tone

must be defined prior to conditioning an event can act as a CS and a US different situations