Habit Reversal Procedures

Question 1

what are (bad) habits?

Answer 1

repetitive or stereotyped behaviours that serve NO USEFUL PURPOSE and tend to be an ANNOYANCE

Question 2

True or False: habits are performed subconsciously/automatically

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

True or False: habits are stored in procedural memory

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

which part of the brain is involved in habits?

Answer 4

striatum of the basal ganglia

Question 5

habits are maintained by:

a) social reinforcement
b) automatic reinforcement

Answer 5

b) automatic reinforcement

Question 6

what are nervous habits? what are some examples?

Answer 6

repetitive, manipulative behaviours that occur when a person experienced heightened nervous tension
- self-stimulatory function (automatic pos reinforcement)

e.g. nail biting, teeth grinding, thumb sucking

Question 7

what is another name for nervous habits?

Answer 7

body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRB)

Question 8

What induces nervous habits?

Answer 8

boredom, frustration, stress, self-stimulation

Question 9

which kind of habit is associated with perfectionism?

a) nervous habits
b) motor tics
c) vocal tics

Answer 9

a) nervous habits

Question 10

what are motor tics? what are some examples

Answer 10

repetitive, jerking movements of the body

e.g. facial tics, head jerking

Question 11

what induces motor tics?

Answer 11

muscle tension or unpleasant sensations (premonitory urges)

Question 12

what are tics maintained by?

Answer 12

automatic neg reinforcement

Question 13

what are vocal tics? what are some examples?

Answer 13

repetitive NONSPEECH vocal sound that does not convey info (NO SOCIAL FXN)

e.g. excessive throat-clearing, uttered sounds

Question 14

What is Tourette’s syndrome?

Answer 14

multiple motor tics + at least 1 vocal tic

Question 15

what is the cause of Tourette syndrome?

Answer 15

complex interaction of genetic and neurobiological factors and environment

Question 16

when and for how long does Tourette last for?

Answer 16

starts in childhood and is a lifelong disorder

Question 17

true or false: a majority of those with Tourette’s utter obscenities

Answer 17

FALSE: minority utter obscenities

Question 18

True or False: Tourette’s is typically treated with medication

Answer 18

FALSE - treated with behavioural therapies (e.g. DRO)

Question 19

What is stuttering?

Answer 19

speech dysfluency in which a person repeats/prolongs syllables or words or experiences blocking (inability to produce sound)

Question 20

name 3 therapeutic treatments for stuttering

Answer 20

breathing exercises, fluency shaping, stuttering modification therapy, habit reversal procedures

Question 21

True or False: habit reversal procedures do NOT focus on providing or withdrawing reinforcers

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

True or False: habit reversal procedures are NOT implemented by the target person

Answer 22

FALSE - habit reversal procedures are SELF-IMPLEMENTED under the supervision of a professional

Question 23

what are the 2 main components of habit reversal training?

Answer 23

1) awareness training
2) competing response

2) competing response training

Question 24

what is awareness training?

Answer 24

person is taught to describe the problem behaviour + watch/notice it when it occurs (or is about to occur)

Question 25

what is competing response training?

Answer 25

person is taught to perform a behaviour that is incompatible to the target behaviour note: competing behaviour fills the "behavioural vacuum" left when decreasing the habit behaviour

Question 26

True or False: competing behaviour may serve as a punisher when it is performed after the target behaviour

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

what is the optimal duration of a competing response?

Answer 27

1-3 mins

Question 28

what does social support entail, in terms of habit reversal procedures?

Answer 28

family members or friends who spend significant time with the target person: - POINT OUT when the target behaviour occurs - PROMPT the use of the competing behaviour - REINFORCE the competing response

Question 29

what is motivation strategy in terms of habit reversal procedures?

Answer 29

BEHAVIOUR ANALYST WORKS WITH THE TARGET PERSON to determine antecedents and consequences for the target behaviour

Question 30

what are the 3 steps in applying habit reversal training?

Answer 30

1) client learns to describe and identify the problem behaviour (Awareness training) 2) client learns and practices a competing behaviour (competing response training) 3) for motivation, client reviews adverse effects of the disorder and has someone provide reinforcement (motivation strategy) i.e. awareness training --> competing response training --> motivation strategy

Question 31

what is the main difference between the habit reversal procedures for different types of habit disorders?

Answer 31

nature of the competing response

Question 32

what is symbolic rehearsal?

Answer 32

person imagines controlling habitual behaviour in habit-eliciting situations AND THEN THEY ACTUALLY DO IT

Question 33

what is aversion therapy?

Answer 33

repeated pairing of a troublesome reinforcer with an aversive event

Question 34

True or False: aversive therapy is a form of operant conditioning

Answer 34

FALSE - aversive therapy is a form of RESPONDENT conditioning (pair 2 stimuli?)

Question 35

what is covert sensitization?

Answer 35

imagined aversion

Question 36

what is massed negative practice? provide an example.

Answer 36

a PUNISHMENT PROCEDURE that requires the person to repeat the undesired behaviour contingent on the undesired behaviour e.g. after a vocal tic, the person must force him/herself to make vocal tics for 2 mins

Question 37

True or False: habit reversal procedures should be considered before using massed negative practice

Answer 37

TRUE - use massed negative practice as a last resort

Question 38

True or False: habit reversal is NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVE for young children and people with intellectual disabilities

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

habit disorder

Answer 39

repetitive behavior that is distressing to the person - nervous habits - vocal tics - stuttering

Question 40

what is CBIT?

Answer 40

- comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics that uses the habit reversal components of awareness training and competing response training is evaluated and shown to be effective for treating tics

Question 41

how is CBIT used with motor tics?

Answer 41

tensing muscles involved in tic so the part is held motionless

Question 42

what is the competing response in habit reversal procedures with stuttering?

Answer 42

regulated breathing -> diaphragmatic breathing (learns to breathe in rhythmic pattern using muscles of the diaphragm to pull air deep into lungs)

Question 43

what should awareness training be used in conjunction with?

Answer 43

competing response