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PSYCO 282 Final > Habit Reversal Procedures > Flashcards

Habit Reversal Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

what are (bad) habits?

A

repetitive or stereotyped behaviours that serve NO USEFUL PURPOSE and tend to be an ANNOYANCE

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2
Q

True or False: habits are performed subconsciously/automatically

A

TRUE

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3
Q

True or False: habits are stored in procedural memory

A

TRUE

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4
Q

which part of the brain is involved in habits?

A

striatum of the basal ganglia

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5
Q

habits are maintained by:

a) social reinforcement
b) automatic reinforcement

A

b) automatic reinforcement

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6
Q

what are nervous habits? what are some examples?

A

repetitive, manipulative behaviours that occur when a person experienced heightened nervous tension
- self-stimulatory function (automatic pos reinforcement)

e.g. nail biting, teeth grinding, thumb sucking

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7
Q

what is another name for nervous habits?

A

body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRB)

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8
Q

What induces nervous habits?

A

boredom, frustration, stress, self-stimulation

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9
Q

which kind of habit is associated with perfectionism?

a) nervous habits
b) motor tics
c) vocal tics

A

a) nervous habits

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10
Q

what are motor tics? what are some examples

A

repetitive, jerking movements of the body

e.g. facial tics, head jerking

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11
Q

what induces motor tics?

A

muscle tension or unpleasant sensations (premonitory urges)

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12
Q

what are tics maintained by?

A

automatic neg reinforcement

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13
Q

what are vocal tics? what are some examples?

A

repetitive NONSPEECH vocal sound that does not convey info (NO SOCIAL FXN)

e.g. excessive throat-clearing, uttered sounds

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14
Q

What is Tourette’s syndrome?

A

multiple motor tics + at least 1 vocal tic

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15
Q

what is the cause of Tourette syndrome?

A

complex interaction of genetic and neurobiological factors and environment

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16
Q

when and for how long does Tourette last for?

A

starts in childhood and is a lifelong disorder

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17
Q

true or false: a majority of those with Tourette’s utter obscenities

A

FALSE: minority utter obscenities

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18
Q

True or False: Tourette’s is typically treated with medication

A

FALSE - treated with behavioural therapies (e.g. DRO)

19
Q

What is stuttering?

A

speech dysfluency in which a person repeats/prolongs syllables or words or experiences blocking (inability to produce sound)

20
Q

name 3 therapeutic treatments for stuttering

A

breathing exercises, fluency shaping, stuttering modification therapy, habit reversal procedures

21
Q

True or False: habit reversal procedures do NOT focus on providing or withdrawing reinforcers

A

TRUE

22
Q

True or False: habit reversal procedures are NOT implemented by the target person

A

FALSE - habit reversal procedures are SELF-IMPLEMENTED under the supervision of a professional

23
Q

what are the 2 main components of habit reversal training?

A

1) awareness training
2) competing response

2) competing response training

24
Q

what is awareness training?

A

person is taught to describe the problem behaviour + watch/notice it when it occurs (or is about to occur)

25
Q

what is competing response training?

A

person is taught to perform a behaviour that is incompatible to the target behaviour

note: competing behaviour fills the “behavioural vacuum” left when decreasing the habit behaviour

26
Q

True or False: competing behaviour may serve as a punisher when it is performed after the target behaviour

A

TRUE

27
Q

what is the optimal duration of a competing response?

A

1-3 mins

28
Q

what does social support entail, in terms of habit reversal procedures?

A

family members or friends who spend significant time with the target person:

  • POINT OUT when the target behaviour occurs
  • PROMPT the use of the competing behaviour
  • REINFORCE the competing response
29
Q

what is motivation strategy in terms of habit reversal procedures?

A

BEHAVIOUR ANALYST WORKS WITH THE TARGET PERSON to determine antecedents and consequences for the target behaviour

30
Q

what are the 3 steps in applying habit reversal training?

A

1) client learns to describe and identify the problem behaviour (Awareness training)
2) client learns and practices a competing behaviour (competing response training)
3) for motivation, client reviews adverse effects of the disorder and has someone provide reinforcement (motivation strategy)

i.e. awareness training –> competing response training –> motivation strategy

31
Q

what is the main difference between the habit reversal procedures for different types of habit disorders?

A

nature of the competing response

32
Q

what is symbolic rehearsal?

A

person imagines controlling habitual behaviour in habit-eliciting situations AND THEN THEY ACTUALLY DO IT

33
Q

what is aversion therapy?

A

repeated pairing of a troublesome reinforcer with an aversive event

34
Q

True or False: aversive therapy is a form of operant conditioning

A

FALSE - aversive therapy is a form of RESPONDENT conditioning (pair 2 stimuli?)

35
Q

what is covert sensitization?

A

imagined aversion

36
Q

what is massed negative practice? provide an example.

A

a PUNISHMENT PROCEDURE that requires the person to repeat the undesired behaviour contingent on the undesired behaviour

e.g. after a vocal tic, the person must force him/herself to make vocal tics for 2 mins

37
Q

True or False: habit reversal procedures should be considered before using massed negative practice

A

TRUE - use massed negative practice as a last resort

38
Q

True or False: habit reversal is NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVE for young children and people with intellectual disabilities

A

TRUE

39
Q

habit disorder

A

repetitive behavior that is distressing to the person
- nervous habits
- vocal tics
- stuttering

40
Q

what is CBIT?

A
  • comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics that uses the habit reversal components of awareness training and competing response training is evaluated and shown to be effective for treating tics
41
Q

how is CBIT used with motor tics?

A

tensing muscles involved in tic so the part is held motionless

42
Q

what is the competing response in habit reversal procedures with stuttering?

A

regulated breathing
-> diaphragmatic breathing (learns to breathe in rhythmic pattern using muscles of the diaphragm to pull air deep into lungs)

43
Q

what should awareness training be used in conjunction with?

A

competing response

PSYCO 282 Final (9 decks)

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