Habit Reversal Procedures Flashcards
what are (bad) habits?
repetitive or stereotyped behaviours that serve NO USEFUL PURPOSE and tend to be an ANNOYANCE
True or False: habits are performed subconsciously/automatically
TRUE
True or False: habits are stored in procedural memory
TRUE
which part of the brain is involved in habits?
striatum of the basal ganglia
habits are maintained by:
a) social reinforcement
b) automatic reinforcement
b) automatic reinforcement
what are nervous habits? what are some examples?
repetitive, manipulative behaviours that occur when a person experienced heightened nervous tension
- self-stimulatory function (automatic pos reinforcement)
e.g. nail biting, teeth grinding, thumb sucking
what is another name for nervous habits?
body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRB)
What induces nervous habits?
boredom, frustration, stress, self-stimulation
which kind of habit is associated with perfectionism?
a) nervous habits
b) motor tics
c) vocal tics
a) nervous habits
what are motor tics? what are some examples
repetitive, jerking movements of the body
e.g. facial tics, head jerking
what induces motor tics?
muscle tension or unpleasant sensations (premonitory urges)
what are tics maintained by?
automatic neg reinforcement
what are vocal tics? what are some examples?
repetitive NONSPEECH vocal sound that does not convey info (NO SOCIAL FXN)
e.g. excessive throat-clearing, uttered sounds
What is Tourette’s syndrome?
multiple motor tics + at least 1 vocal tic
what is the cause of Tourette syndrome?
complex interaction of genetic and neurobiological factors and environment
when and for how long does Tourette last for?
starts in childhood and is a lifelong disorder
true or false: a majority of those with Tourette’s utter obscenities
FALSE: minority utter obscenities
True or False: Tourette’s is typically treated with medication
FALSE - treated with behavioural therapies (e.g. DRO)
What is stuttering?
speech dysfluency in which a person repeats/prolongs syllables or words or experiences blocking (inability to produce sound)
name 3 therapeutic treatments for stuttering
breathing exercises, fluency shaping, stuttering modification therapy, habit reversal procedures
True or False: habit reversal procedures do NOT focus on providing or withdrawing reinforcers
TRUE
True or False: habit reversal procedures are NOT implemented by the target person
FALSE - habit reversal procedures are SELF-IMPLEMENTED under the supervision of a professional
what are the 2 main components of habit reversal training?
1) awareness training
2) competing response
2) competing response training
what is awareness training?
person is taught to describe the problem behaviour + watch/notice it when it occurs (or is about to occur)
what is competing response training?
person is taught to perform a behaviour that is incompatible to the target behaviour
note: competing behaviour fills the “behavioural vacuum” left when decreasing the habit behaviour
True or False: competing behaviour may serve as a punisher when it is performed after the target behaviour
TRUE
what is the optimal duration of a competing response?
1-3 mins
what does social support entail, in terms of habit reversal procedures?
family members or friends who spend significant time with the target person:
- POINT OUT when the target behaviour occurs
- PROMPT the use of the competing behaviour
- REINFORCE the competing response
what is motivation strategy in terms of habit reversal procedures?
BEHAVIOUR ANALYST WORKS WITH THE TARGET PERSON to determine antecedents and consequences for the target behaviour
what are the 3 steps in applying habit reversal training?
1) client learns to describe and identify the problem behaviour (Awareness training)
2) client learns and practices a competing behaviour (competing response training)
3) for motivation, client reviews adverse effects of the disorder and has someone provide reinforcement (motivation strategy)
i.e. awareness training –> competing response training –> motivation strategy
what is the main difference between the habit reversal procedures for different types of habit disorders?
nature of the competing response
what is symbolic rehearsal?
person imagines controlling habitual behaviour in habit-eliciting situations AND THEN THEY ACTUALLY DO IT
what is aversion therapy?
repeated pairing of a troublesome reinforcer with an aversive event
True or False: aversive therapy is a form of operant conditioning
FALSE - aversive therapy is a form of RESPONDENT conditioning (pair 2 stimuli?)
what is covert sensitization?
imagined aversion
what is massed negative practice? provide an example.
a PUNISHMENT PROCEDURE that requires the person to repeat the undesired behaviour contingent on the undesired behaviour
e.g. after a vocal tic, the person must force him/herself to make vocal tics for 2 mins
True or False: habit reversal procedures should be considered before using massed negative practice
TRUE - use massed negative practice as a last resort
True or False: habit reversal is NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVE for young children and people with intellectual disabilities
TRUE
habit disorder
repetitive behavior that is distressing to the person
- nervous habits
- vocal tics
- stuttering
what is CBIT?
- comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics that uses the habit reversal components of awareness training and competing response training is evaluated and shown to be effective for treating tics
how is CBIT used with motor tics?
tensing muscles involved in tic so the part is held motionless
what is the competing response in habit reversal procedures with stuttering?
regulated breathing
-> diaphragmatic breathing (learns to breathe in rhythmic pattern using muscles of the diaphragm to pull air deep into lungs)
what should awareness training be used in conjunction with?
competing response
