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PSYCO 282 Final > Applying Punishment > Flashcards

Applying Punishment Flashcards

1
Q

extinction vs. negative punishment

A

extinction - THE reinforcer that was supporting the behaviour is no longer given

negative punishment - A reinforcer is removed or withdrawn (not necessarily the one reinforcing the behaviour)

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2
Q

what are used after punishment procedures?

A

functional interventions- extinction, differential reinforcement, antecedent interventions

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3
Q

time out

A

person is removed from access to reinforcers (no longer earning reinforcers)
- removing child from room or part of the room where the positive reinforcers are available

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4
Q

response cost

A

specified amount of a reinforcer contingent on occurrence of problem behavior is taken away from the person
- neg punishment
- law enforcement
- money commonly used

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5
Q

extinction vs time out vs response cost results in [rapid OR gradual] decrease in response rate/frequency?

A

extinction - gradual decrease in response frequency

time out - rapid decrease in response rate

response cost - rapid decrease in response rate

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of negative punishment?

A

time out and response cost

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7
Q

child throws tantrum which is socially reinforced by parent’s attention. what would the negative punishment be? what would the extinction procedure entail?

A

negative punishment - parent makes them go to a “time-out” zone OR takes away one of their toys (when they throw a tantrum)

extinction - parents ignore child when they throw tantrum

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8
Q

what is time out from positive reinforcement?

A

lose access to positive reinforcers when problem behaviour occurs

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9
Q

what is non-exclusionary time out?

A

after undesirable behaviour, person remains in the SAME LOCATION WITHOUT BEING DISRUPTIVE, but LOSES access to REINFORCERS

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10
Q

what is contingent observation in terms of non-exclusionary time out?

A

contingent observation - person must watch others receive reinforcers, while they do not have access to the reinforcers

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11
Q

what is exclusionary time out?

A

after undesirable behaviour, person is taken to a DIFFERENT LOCATION (can be in same room) and LOSES access to REINFORCERS

note: they are NOT ALONE

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12
Q

what happens when time-out without DR or NCR procedure is used?

A

net loss in reinforcement and problem behavior could be more likely to reemerge after treatment

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13
Q

what is disciplinary segregation?

A

breaking rules in prison results in solitary confinement (exclusionary time out)

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14
Q

what is isolation time out?

A

person is removed from environment with access to reinforcers and placed in a DIFFERENT LOCATION ALONE

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15
Q

What are time-out rooms (in terms of isolation time-out)? What are some other names for them?

A

time out rooms can be used to maintain safety by preventing the individual from causing physical harm; they are used to CALM A PERSON DOWN

aka: quiet room, seclusion room, cool-down room, calming room

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16
Q

True or False: time out rooms should be the first course of action when a child produces ad undesirable behaviour

A

FALSE - time out rooms should be a last resort

17
Q

true or false: time out rooms can be used for punishment in the public education system

A

FALSE - time out rooms “cannot be used as punishment”

18
Q

what are the basic guidelines for a time out room?

A

well-lit, ventilated, unlocked, free of harmful objects, audio or video monitored

19
Q

what is release contingency (aka contingent delay) in terms of time out?

A

release from time out is contingent on STOPPING the undesirable behaviour

20
Q

How does positive punishment counteract the Premack Principle?

A

premack principle - reinforce a target behaviour with a highly probable (and desirable) behaviour/activity

Positive punishment - person engages in an aversive behaviour/activity in order to decrease an undesirable behaviour

21
Q

is overcorrection a form of positive or negative punishment?

A

overcorrection is a form of positive punishment

22
Q

what is overcorrection?

A

person has to PERFORM EFFORTFUL, LOW-PROBABILITY BEHAVIOURS contingent on the problem behaviour

23
Q

What is restitution?

A

after problem behaviour, person must CORRECT THE EFFECTS OF THE PROBLEM BEHAVIOUR (to a condition BETTER than the environment was in before)
- uses physical guidance
- client overcorrects the environmental effects of problem behavior

24
Q

what is contingent exercise?

A

positive punishment; must exercise contingent on problem behaviour
- aversive activity involves physical exercise unrelated to problem behavior

25
Q

what is guided compliance?

A

contingent on a problem behaviour, person is physically guided to complete a requested behavior (like physical guidance prompt)
- used as pos punishment bc aversive stimulus is applied after problem behavior
- negatively reinforces compliance with requested activity bc aversive stimulus is removed after compliance begins

26
Q

what is a physical restraint

A

after a problem behaviour, the behaviour analyst restrains the part of the person’s body that performed the problem behaviour
- punisher or reinforcer

27
Q

what is response blocking?

A

behaviour analyst/change agent physically prevents person from carrying out problem behaviour
- can be used with brief restraint

28
Q

what is response redirection (aka response interruption)?

A

response blocking + differential reinforcement

29
Q

True or False: response redirection is used to treat socially reinforced behaviours

A

FALSE - response redirection is used to treat AUTOMATICALLY reinforced behaviours

30
Q

True or False: electric shocks can be used to decrease SIBs

A

TRUE - electric shocks can act as an aversive stimulus in positive punishment to decrease SIBs

31
Q

In what order should the following interventions be considered when trying to decrease a problem behaviour?

negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
extinction
antecedent control / positive reinforcement / differential reinforcement
A
  1. antecedent control / positive reinforcement / differential reinforcement
  2. negative reinforcement
  3. extinction
  4. negative punishment
  5. positive punishment

note: reinforcement > punishment

32
Q

classify the following as positive or negative punishment:

overcorrection
physical restraint
time out
response redirection/interruption
response cost
contingent exercise
restitution
guided compliance
response blocking
positive practice
electric shock
reprimands
A

positive punishment: overcorrection, physical restraint, response redirection, contingent exercise, restitution, guided compliance, response blocking, positive practice, electric shock, reprimands

negative punishment: time out, response cost

33
Q

what is positive practice?

A

after problem behaviour, person must perform an OPPOSITE or APPROPRIATE behaviour REPEATEDLY

34
Q

time-in environment

A

environment where the problem behavior occurs
- positive reinforcement or interaction for time-out to be effective

35
Q

when is time-out not appropriate to use with problem behaviors?

A

when problem behaviors are maintained by neg reinforcement or sensory stimulation (automatic reinforcement)

36
Q

when is time-out practical?

A

when change agent can implement the procedure successfully and the physical enviro is conducive to use

37
Q

a problem behavior decreasing is contingent on?

A

application of aversive activities
- consequence in pos punishment procedure in which contingent on undesirable behavior, client is required to engage in aversive activity to decrease undesirable

38
Q

what are some considerations in using positive punishment?

A
  • use functional intervention first to decrease problem behavior and increase acceptable alternative behaviors
  • implement differential reinforcement with punishment (DRA with punishment)
  • consider the function of problem behavior
  • choose aversive stimulus with care
  • collect data to make treatment decisions
  • address ethical considerations in the use of punishment
39
Q

what are punishment procedures often called?

A

restrictive procedures

PSYCO 282 Final (9 decks)

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