Cognitive Behaviour Therapies

Question 1

What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?

Answer 1

cognitive therapy + behavioural therapy (i.e. address irrational thoughts and undesirable behaviour)

Question 2

what is cog behavior?

Answer 2

verbal or imaginal responses made by people that are covert (not observable to others)
-> not a label
-> behavior excesses and deficits
-> can fxn as MO that influence power of stimuli or events to fxn as reinforcers or punishers
-> can also fxn as reinforcing/punishing consequences when they follow some other behavior

Question 3

True or false: self-statements are a cognitive process

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

what did the Association for Advancement of Behavioural Therapy (AABT) change their name to?

Answer 4

Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT)

Question 5

What does REBT stand for?

Answer 5

Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy

Question 6

Who was the second most influential psychotherapist in history?

Answer 6

Albert Ellis

Question 7

What is the purpose of REBT?

Answer 7

change irrational thoughts

Question 8

What assumption is REBT based on?

Answer 8

irrational interpretations predict that certain events will be emotionally unpleasant

Question 9

What is the ABCDE paradigm (what does it stand for)? (aka what happens during REBT)

Answer 9

1) Activating events occur
2) Beliefs: our irrational interpretations about what the activating events mean
3) Consequences: reaction/response to activating events
4) Dispute irrational beliefs in therapy (empirical/functional/logical)
5) Emotional relief follows RECOGNITION OF IRRATIONALITY IN BELIEFS

Question 10

what are the 3 types of disputes on irrational belief? what question might be posed in each dispute?

Answer 10

1) empirical/scientific dispute - is there evidence for the belief?
2) functional dispute - does the belief make things worse or better?
3) logical dispute - is the belief logical/common sense?

Question 11

What are the 3 main irrational beliefs (in REBT)?

Answer 11

1) I must win the APPROVAL of others or else I am no good.
2) Other people must TREAT ME CONSIDERATELY. Otherwise, they are no good.
3) I must GET WHAT I WANT, when I want. Otherwise, everything is terrible.

Question 12

What are 3 procedures to modify irrational thought in REBT?

Answer 12

1) identify thoughts based on irrational beliefs
2) challenge/dispute the irrational beliefs
3) replace irrational belief with rational belief

Question 13

True or False: During REBT, the therapist must NOT be confrontational.

Answer 13

FALSE - therapist must be confrontational to dispute irrational beliefs

Question 14

True or False: REBT is usually operationally defined.

Answer 14

FALSE - REBT is often NOT operationally defined

Question 15

Does REBT work for everyone? If not, who does it not work for?

Answer 15

• REBT does not work for everyone

- it is CONFRONTATIONAL –> will not work on people with OCD and panic disorders

Question 16

Who created REBT?

a) Aaron Beck
b) Mary Cover Jones
c) Skinner
d) James B Watson
e) Albert Ellis

Answer 16

e) Albert Ellis

Question 17

Who created Cognitive Therapy?

a) Aaron Beck
b) Mary Cover Jones
c) Skinner
d) James B Watson
e) Albert Ellis

Answer 17

a) Aaron Beck

Question 18

What assumption is cognitive therapy (CT) based on?

Answer 18

faulty and negativistic thought patterns lead to behavioural and emotional problems

Question 19

Whereas REBT focuses on irrational beliefs, CT focuses on ___________.

Answer 19

CT focuses on NEGATIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS (self-generated distorted beliefs)

Question 20

what are 6 faulty thought patterns (cognitive distortions) treated in CT? define them (+ think of examples)

Answer 20

1) selective abstraction - focus on tiny detail without looking at bigger picture
2) personalization - thinking everything is about yourself
3) overgeneralization - drawing a overly general conclusion based on a single event
4) magnification - exaggerating the meaning/impact of a small adverse event
5) minimization - downplaying the meaning/impact of a BENEFICIAL event
6) arbitrary inference - drawing inaccurate conclusion based on insufficient evidence

Question 21

can cognitive distortions overlap? or do they all have to be individually addressed?

Answer 21

yes, cognitive distortions can overlap

Question 22

Whereas REBT uses dispute/confrontation to address irrational beliefs, CT uses __________ to address cognitive distortions.

Answer 22

collaborative empiricism

Question 23

what is collaborative empiricism?

Answer 23

• technique used in CT
• therapist and client collaborate, using a HYPOTHESIS-TESTING APPROACH, to evaluate beliefs

(hint: empiricism –> science –> hypothesis)

Question 24

True or False: in CT, clients are assigned homework (evaluate thoughts, collect evidence to test beliefs, relaxation exercise, etc.)

Answer 24

TRUE - in CT, clients have homework

Question 25

What assumption is cognitive coping skills training based on?

Answer 25

some problems are maintained by a deficit in adaptive cognitions

Question 26

what is the focus of cognitive coping skills training?

Answer 26

training new thinking skills

Question 27

Who developed self-instructional training and stress inoculating training? a) Skinner b) Pavlov c) Meichenbaum d) Ellis e) Beck

Answer 27

c) Meichenbaum

Question 28

What was self-instructional training originally developed for?

Answer 28

treating impulsive children's behaviour

Question 29

What are the 3 basic steps of self-instructional training?

Answer 29

1) identify problem, identify desired target behaviour, identify competing behaviours 2) identify self-instructions 3) use behavioural skills training to learn self-instructions

Question 30

What are 4 behavioural skill training steps to teach self-instructions?

Answer 30

1) modelling 2) instructions from someone while child is performing the task 3) rehearsal (eventually without instructions) 4) feedback/evaluation of performance

Question 31

What does stress inoculation training teach?

Answer 31

cognitive skills that allow clients to deal with stressful events

Question 32

what are the 3 phases of stress inoculation training?

Answer 32

1) conceptualization phase 2) skills acquisition and rehearsal phase 3) application and follow through phase

Question 33

What does the "conceptualization phase" of stress inoculation training entail?

Answer 33

- therapist collaborates with client | - focus on the nature of stress and how people respond to it

Question 34

What does the "skills acquisition and rehearsal phase" of stress inoculation training entail?

Answer 34

teach specific behavioural and cognitive coping skills such as PMR, desensitization, coping statements

Question 35

What does the "application and follow through phase" of stress inoculation training entail?

Answer 35

- practice skills and transition to real world | - include: modeling, role playing, in vivo exposure

Question 36

What is behavioural activation?

Answer 36

treatment for depression focusing on getting the client to engage in a larger number and variety of reinforcing activities (i.e. activate pleasant emotions)

Question 37

cognitive restructuring

Answer 37

replaces specific maladaptive cog behaviors with more adaptive ones -> behavioral excesses

Question 38

what are the 3 steps for cognitive restructuring?

Answer 38

- helping client identify distressing thoughts and situations in which they occur -> can be done using self-monitoring process called ecological momentary assessment - helping client identify emotional response, unpleasant mood or problem behavior that follows distressing thought - helping client stop thinking the distressing thoughts by helping client think more rational or desirable thoughts

Question 39

cognitive coping skills training

Answer 39

teach new cog behaviors that are used to promote other desirable behaviors -> behavioral deficits - self-statements, self-instructions

Question 40

acceptance-based therapies

Answer 40

alternative to traditional cog behavior mod procedures

Question 41

acceptance and commitment therpay

Answer 41

client learns that they have not been able to control troublesome thoughts and feelings in the past and that attempts to control thoughts and feelings have made problem worse - hexaflex model - 6 types of repertoires that contribute to psych flexibility or well-being

Question 42

hexaflex model

Answer 42

- acceptance - values - self-as context - present moment awareness - committed action - defusion

Question 43

mindfulness-based interventions

Answer 43

acceptance-based therapies - engage in mindfulness- focus attention on present moment in terms of internal sensations, thoughts, feelings and urges they are experiencing and to accept them without judgements