Cognitive Behaviour Therapies Flashcards
What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?
cognitive therapy + behavioural therapy (i.e. address irrational thoughts and undesirable behaviour)
what is cog behavior?
verbal or imaginal responses made by people that are covert (not observable to others)
-> not a label
-> behavior excesses and deficits
-> can fxn as MO that influence power of stimuli or events to fxn as reinforcers or punishers
-> can also fxn as reinforcing/punishing consequences when they follow some other behavior
True or false: self-statements are a cognitive process
TRUE
what did the Association for Advancement of Behavioural Therapy (AABT) change their name to?
Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT)
What does REBT stand for?
Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Who was the second most influential psychotherapist in history?
Albert Ellis
What is the purpose of REBT?
change irrational thoughts
What assumption is REBT based on?
irrational interpretations predict that certain events will be emotionally unpleasant
What is the ABCDE paradigm (what does it stand for)? (aka what happens during REBT)
1) Activating events occur
2) Beliefs: our irrational interpretations about what the activating events mean
3) Consequences: reaction/response to activating events
4) Dispute irrational beliefs in therapy (empirical/functional/logical)
5) Emotional relief follows RECOGNITION OF IRRATIONALITY IN BELIEFS
what are the 3 types of disputes on irrational belief? what question might be posed in each dispute?
1) empirical/scientific dispute - is there evidence for the belief?
2) functional dispute - does the belief make things worse or better?
3) logical dispute - is the belief logical/common sense?
What are the 3 main irrational beliefs (in REBT)?
1) I must win the APPROVAL of others or else I am no good.
2) Other people must TREAT ME CONSIDERATELY. Otherwise, they are no good.
3) I must GET WHAT I WANT, when I want. Otherwise, everything is terrible.
What are 3 procedures to modify irrational thought in REBT?
1) identify thoughts based on irrational beliefs
2) challenge/dispute the irrational beliefs
3) replace irrational belief with rational belief
True or False: During REBT, the therapist must NOT be confrontational.
FALSE - therapist must be confrontational to dispute irrational beliefs
True or False: REBT is usually operationally defined.
FALSE - REBT is often NOT operationally defined
Does REBT work for everyone? If not, who does it not work for?
- REBT does not work for everyone
- it is CONFRONTATIONAL –> will not work on people with OCD and panic disorders
Who created REBT?
a) Aaron Beck
b) Mary Cover Jones
c) Skinner
d) James B Watson
e) Albert Ellis
e) Albert Ellis
Who created Cognitive Therapy?
a) Aaron Beck
b) Mary Cover Jones
c) Skinner
d) James B Watson
e) Albert Ellis
a) Aaron Beck
What assumption is cognitive therapy (CT) based on?
faulty and negativistic thought patterns lead to behavioural and emotional problems
Whereas REBT focuses on irrational beliefs, CT focuses on ___________.
CT focuses on NEGATIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS (self-generated distorted beliefs)
what are 6 faulty thought patterns (cognitive distortions) treated in CT? define them (+ think of examples)
1) selective abstraction - focus on tiny detail without looking at bigger picture
2) personalization - thinking everything is about yourself
3) overgeneralization - drawing a overly general conclusion based on a single event
4) magnification - exaggerating the meaning/impact of a small adverse event
5) minimization - downplaying the meaning/impact of a BENEFICIAL event
6) arbitrary inference - drawing inaccurate conclusion based on insufficient evidence
can cognitive distortions overlap? or do they all have to be individually addressed?
yes, cognitive distortions can overlap
Whereas REBT uses dispute/confrontation to address irrational beliefs, CT uses __________ to address cognitive distortions.
collaborative empiricism
what is collaborative empiricism?
- technique used in CT
- therapist and client collaborate, using a HYPOTHESIS-TESTING APPROACH, to evaluate beliefs
(hint: empiricism –> science –> hypothesis)
True or False: in CT, clients are assigned homework (evaluate thoughts, collect evidence to test beliefs, relaxation exercise, etc.)
TRUE - in CT, clients have homework
What assumption is cognitive coping skills training based on?
some problems are maintained by a deficit in adaptive cognitions
what is the focus of cognitive coping skills training?
training new thinking skills
Who developed self-instructional training and stress inoculating training?
a) Skinner
b) Pavlov
c) Meichenbaum
d) Ellis
e) Beck
c) Meichenbaum
What was self-instructional training originally developed for?
treating impulsive children’s behaviour
What are the 3 basic steps of self-instructional training?
1) identify problem, identify desired target behaviour, identify competing behaviours
2) identify self-instructions
3) use behavioural skills training to learn self-instructions
What are 4 behavioural skill training steps to teach self-instructions?
1) modelling
2) instructions from someone while child is performing the task
3) rehearsal (eventually without instructions)
4) feedback/evaluation of performance
What does stress inoculation training teach?
cognitive skills that allow clients to deal with stressful events
what are the 3 phases of stress inoculation training?
1) conceptualization phase
2) skills acquisition and rehearsal phase
3) application and follow through phase
What does the “conceptualization phase” of stress inoculation training entail?
- therapist collaborates with client
- focus on the nature of stress and how people respond to it
What does the “skills acquisition and rehearsal phase” of stress inoculation training entail?
teach specific behavioural and cognitive coping skills such as PMR, desensitization, coping statements
What does the “application and follow through phase” of stress inoculation training entail?
- practice skills and transition to real world
- include: modeling, role playing, in vivo exposure
What is behavioural activation?
treatment for depression focusing on getting the client to engage in a larger number and variety of reinforcing activities (i.e. activate pleasant emotions)
cognitive restructuring
replaces specific maladaptive cog behaviors with more adaptive ones
-> behavioral excesses
what are the 3 steps for cognitive restructuring?
- helping client identify distressing thoughts and situations in which they occur -> can be done using self-monitoring process called ecological momentary assessment
- helping client identify emotional response, unpleasant mood or problem behavior that follows distressing thought
- helping client stop thinking the distressing thoughts by helping client think more rational or desirable thoughts
cognitive coping skills training
teach new cog behaviors that are used to promote other desirable behaviors -> behavioral deficits
- self-statements, self-instructions
acceptance-based therapies
alternative to traditional cog behavior mod procedures
acceptance and commitment therpay
client learns that they have not been able to control troublesome thoughts and feelings in the past and that attempts to control thoughts and feelings have made problem worse
- hexaflex model - 6 types of repertoires that contribute to psych flexibility or well-being
hexaflex model
- acceptance
- values
- self-as context
- present moment awareness
- committed action
- defusion
mindfulness-based interventions
acceptance-based therapies
- engage in mindfulness- focus attention on present moment in terms of internal sensations, thoughts, feelings and urges they are experiencing and to accept them without judgements
