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PSYCO 282 Final > Cognitive Behaviour Therapies > Flashcards

Cognitive Behaviour Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?

A

cognitive therapy + behavioural therapy (i.e. address irrational thoughts and undesirable behaviour)

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2
Q

what is cog behavior?

A

verbal or imaginal responses made by people that are covert (not observable to others)
-> not a label
-> behavior excesses and deficits
-> can fxn as MO that influence power of stimuli or events to fxn as reinforcers or punishers
-> can also fxn as reinforcing/punishing consequences when they follow some other behavior

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3
Q

True or false: self-statements are a cognitive process

A

TRUE

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4
Q

what did the Association for Advancement of Behavioural Therapy (AABT) change their name to?

A

Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT)

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5
Q

What does REBT stand for?

A

Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy

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6
Q

Who was the second most influential psychotherapist in history?

A

Albert Ellis

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7
Q

What is the purpose of REBT?

A

change irrational thoughts

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8
Q

What assumption is REBT based on?

A

irrational interpretations predict that certain events will be emotionally unpleasant

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9
Q

What is the ABCDE paradigm (what does it stand for)? (aka what happens during REBT)

A

1) Activating events occur
2) Beliefs: our irrational interpretations about what the activating events mean
3) Consequences: reaction/response to activating events
4) Dispute irrational beliefs in therapy (empirical/functional/logical)
5) Emotional relief follows RECOGNITION OF IRRATIONALITY IN BELIEFS

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of disputes on irrational belief? what question might be posed in each dispute?

A

1) empirical/scientific dispute - is there evidence for the belief?
2) functional dispute - does the belief make things worse or better?
3) logical dispute - is the belief logical/common sense?

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11
Q

What are the 3 main irrational beliefs (in REBT)?

A

1) I must win the APPROVAL of others or else I am no good.
2) Other people must TREAT ME CONSIDERATELY. Otherwise, they are no good.
3) I must GET WHAT I WANT, when I want. Otherwise, everything is terrible.

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12
Q

What are 3 procedures to modify irrational thought in REBT?

A

1) identify thoughts based on irrational beliefs
2) challenge/dispute the irrational beliefs
3) replace irrational belief with rational belief

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13
Q

True or False: During REBT, the therapist must NOT be confrontational.

A

FALSE - therapist must be confrontational to dispute irrational beliefs

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14
Q

True or False: REBT is usually operationally defined.

A

FALSE - REBT is often NOT operationally defined

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15
Q

Does REBT work for everyone? If not, who does it not work for?

A
  • REBT does not work for everyone

- it is CONFRONTATIONAL –> will not work on people with OCD and panic disorders

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16
Q

Who created REBT?

a) Aaron Beck
b) Mary Cover Jones
c) Skinner
d) James B Watson
e) Albert Ellis

A

e) Albert Ellis

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17
Q

Who created Cognitive Therapy?

a) Aaron Beck
b) Mary Cover Jones
c) Skinner
d) James B Watson
e) Albert Ellis

A

a) Aaron Beck

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18
Q

What assumption is cognitive therapy (CT) based on?

A

faulty and negativistic thought patterns lead to behavioural and emotional problems

19
Q

Whereas REBT focuses on irrational beliefs, CT focuses on ___________.

A

CT focuses on NEGATIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS (self-generated distorted beliefs)

20
Q

what are 6 faulty thought patterns (cognitive distortions) treated in CT? define them (+ think of examples)

A

1) selective abstraction - focus on tiny detail without looking at bigger picture
2) personalization - thinking everything is about yourself
3) overgeneralization - drawing a overly general conclusion based on a single event
4) magnification - exaggerating the meaning/impact of a small adverse event
5) minimization - downplaying the meaning/impact of a BENEFICIAL event
6) arbitrary inference - drawing inaccurate conclusion based on insufficient evidence

21
Q

can cognitive distortions overlap? or do they all have to be individually addressed?

A

yes, cognitive distortions can overlap

22
Q

Whereas REBT uses dispute/confrontation to address irrational beliefs, CT uses __________ to address cognitive distortions.

A

collaborative empiricism

23
Q

what is collaborative empiricism?

A
  • technique used in CT
  • therapist and client collaborate, using a HYPOTHESIS-TESTING APPROACH, to evaluate beliefs

(hint: empiricism –> science –> hypothesis)

24
Q

True or False: in CT, clients are assigned homework (evaluate thoughts, collect evidence to test beliefs, relaxation exercise, etc.)

A

TRUE - in CT, clients have homework

25
Q

What assumption is cognitive coping skills training based on?

A

some problems are maintained by a deficit in adaptive cognitions

26
Q

what is the focus of cognitive coping skills training?

A

training new thinking skills

27
Q

Who developed self-instructional training and stress inoculating training?

a) Skinner
b) Pavlov
c) Meichenbaum
d) Ellis
e) Beck

A

c) Meichenbaum

28
Q

What was self-instructional training originally developed for?

A

treating impulsive children’s behaviour

29
Q

What are the 3 basic steps of self-instructional training?

A

1) identify problem, identify desired target behaviour, identify competing behaviours
2) identify self-instructions
3) use behavioural skills training to learn self-instructions

30
Q

What are 4 behavioural skill training steps to teach self-instructions?

A

1) modelling
2) instructions from someone while child is performing the task
3) rehearsal (eventually without instructions)
4) feedback/evaluation of performance

31
Q

What does stress inoculation training teach?

A

cognitive skills that allow clients to deal with stressful events

32
Q

what are the 3 phases of stress inoculation training?

A

1) conceptualization phase
2) skills acquisition and rehearsal phase
3) application and follow through phase

33
Q

What does the “conceptualization phase” of stress inoculation training entail?

A
  • therapist collaborates with client

- focus on the nature of stress and how people respond to it

34
Q

What does the “skills acquisition and rehearsal phase” of stress inoculation training entail?

A

teach specific behavioural and cognitive coping skills such as PMR, desensitization, coping statements

35
Q

What does the “application and follow through phase” of stress inoculation training entail?

A
  • practice skills and transition to real world

- include: modeling, role playing, in vivo exposure

36
Q

What is behavioural activation?

A

treatment for depression focusing on getting the client to engage in a larger number and variety of reinforcing activities (i.e. activate pleasant emotions)

37
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

replaces specific maladaptive cog behaviors with more adaptive ones
-> behavioral excesses

38
Q

what are the 3 steps for cognitive restructuring?

A
  • helping client identify distressing thoughts and situations in which they occur -> can be done using self-monitoring process called ecological momentary assessment
  • helping client identify emotional response, unpleasant mood or problem behavior that follows distressing thought
  • helping client stop thinking the distressing thoughts by helping client think more rational or desirable thoughts
39
Q

cognitive coping skills training

A

teach new cog behaviors that are used to promote other desirable behaviors -> behavioral deficits
- self-statements, self-instructions

40
Q

acceptance-based therapies

A

alternative to traditional cog behavior mod procedures

41
Q

acceptance and commitment therpay

A

client learns that they have not been able to control troublesome thoughts and feelings in the past and that attempts to control thoughts and feelings have made problem worse
- hexaflex model - 6 types of repertoires that contribute to psych flexibility or well-being

42
Q

hexaflex model

A
  • acceptance
  • values
  • self-as context
  • present moment awareness
  • committed action
  • defusion
43
Q

mindfulness-based interventions

A

acceptance-based therapies
- engage in mindfulness- focus attention on present moment in terms of internal sensations, thoughts, feelings and urges they are experiencing and to accept them without judgements

PSYCO 282 Final (9 decks)

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