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Bonus exam > Habal Exam 1 > Flashcards

Habal Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the gram positive and negative bacteria?

A

Lipoproteines
Peptidoglycan (murein)
Exotoxins
Protein membrane

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2
Q

Gram negative characteristics

A

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)

Outer membrane

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3
Q

Gram positive characteristics

A

Lipoteichoic acid

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?

A 
Polysaccharide capsule (antiphagocytic, 5 serotypes - B)
Vaccine does not include B because it is not immunogenic 
Pili (attach to respiratory epithelium)
Lipooligosaccharaide (endotoxin, fever, shock)
IgA protease (invase mucosal surface)
C6-C9 complement deficiency
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5
Q

What a are the clinical manifestations of Neisseria meninigitidis?

A

Meningitis
Nuchal rigidity
Septicemia
Waterhouse-Friedrichesn syndrom (meningiococcemia, adrenal insufficiency, intravascular coagulation)

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6
Q

What are the virulence factors for Neisseria gonorrheae?

A 
Pili (antigenic variation)
Outer membrane proteins (antigenic variation)
Lipooligosaccharide (modified endotoxin) 
IgA protease (invade mucosal surface by hydrolyzing IgA, colonize muscosal membrane)
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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of neisseria gonorrhaea for males?

A

Urethritis (dysuria, purulent discharge)

Rectalitis and proctitis seen in homosexual males

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8
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of neiseria gonorrhaea for females?

A

Endocervicities (vag discharge)

Salpengitis

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9
Q

What are general clinical manifestations for n. gonorrhaea?

A 
Adult conjuctivtis 
Newborn ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis) 
Blindness 
PID (sterility)
Gonococcemia (arthritis)
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10
Q

What are the virulence factors for psuedomonas aeruginosa?

A 
Capsule
Pili
Exotoxin (A = inhibit protein synth causing tissue damage, S = interferes with cell growth)
Phospholipase C (breaks lecthin)
Alginate (forms biofilm) 
Pycocyanin 
Pyoveridin (green)
Elastase (inactivate TNF alpha)
LPS endotoxin
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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for psuedomonas aeruginosa?

A 
3rd most commmon cause of UTI due to indwelling catheters
Pneumonia - hospital and CF pts 
Burn victim infections
Hot tub and pool infections
Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
Ocular infections
Endocarditis
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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for bordetella pertussis?

A 
Polysaccharide capsule 
Outer membrane protein
Trachel cytotosin
Filamentous hemagglutinins (FHA)
Pertussis AB toxin
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13
Q

What does the pertussis toxin do?

A

5 subunits which bind to inhibti chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generations of ROS, inc IgE synth (histamine) and induced apoptosis in macrophages

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14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of bordetella pertussis?

A 
Whooping cough
Rhinorrhea
Malaise
Fever
Sneezing
Anorexia
Leukocytosis
Pneumonia (not common)
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15
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of brucella?

A 
Undulating fever
1-3 week incubation 
Fever 
Weight loss
Rising and falling fever pattern
Lymphadenopathy 
Maybe hepatosplenomegaly
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16
Q

Which type of brucella is more severe? Melitenesis or abortus?

A

Melitenesis

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17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of francisella tularensis?

A

Ulceroglandular (ulcers at site of exposure and adenopathy and draining lymph nodes)
Glandular typhoidal (adeopathy no ulcers)
Oculoglandular
Oropharyngeal

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18
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of pasturella multocida?

A

Localized ulcerating infections
Rapidly spreading cellulitis
Maybe osteomyelitis, bacteremia, pneumonia

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19
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Compromised CMI
Typeable - HIB, infant meningitis, pneumonia, quellung
Non-typeable - otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, conjunctivitis

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20
Q

What are the virulence factor for Yesinia pestis?

A 
Capsular antigen F1
Yersinia outer membrane protein
V and W antigens
Activated at 37 degrees C
Coagulase by flea at 25 degrees C
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21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Yesinia pestis?

A

Bubonic plague
Bubo
Pneumonic Plague
Septecemic plague

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22
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of bacteroides fragilis?

A 
Most common cause of intra-abdominal infections
Peritonitis
Diverticulitis
Post-op abdominal abcesses
Kids 1 - 5 diarrhae 
Beta lactamase resistance
23
Q

How do you get Camplyobactor jejuni?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

Undercooked Poultry

24
Q

Virulence factors for Camplyobactor jejuni

A

Flagellum (bipolar)
Adhesions
Enterotoxin (cholera like, watery diarrhea)

25
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Camplybactor jejuni?

A

Gastroenteritis

Guillain Barre Syndrome (possible O-antigen cross rxn with Schwann cells)

26
Q

What are the clinical manifestation of Helocobactor pylori?

A

Gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease
GERD
(Not associated with bacteremia)

27
Q

Virulence factors for Vibrio cholerae?

A

Cholera toxin (hear labile, 6 subunits)
Watery diarrhae
Similar to pertussis toxin

28
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Vibrio cholerae?

A

Cholera (contaminated food or water)
Perfuse watery non-bloody diarrhea - colorless, odorless, no blood
Loss of potassium - cardiac arrhytmias
Loss of carbonic acid - metabolic acidosis

29
Q

What are the virulence factors for Enterobacteriaceae?

A 
Flagella
Capsule K and Vi antigen
LPS or endotoxin
O polysaccharide
Polysaccharide core
Lipid A
Outer membrane
Periplasmic space
Lipoprotein
Pili
30
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of E. Coli?

A 
UTI (acute cystitis, pyelonephritis) 
Gastroenteritis 
Neonatal meningitis 
Hemolytic uremin syndrome (O157:H7)
Diarrhae
31
Q

What are the virulence factors for Klebsiella?

A

Encapsulated

LPS endotoxin and enterotoxin

32
Q

What are the clinical factors of Klebsiella?

A 
Lobar pneumonia (malnourish, hospitalized, VA) 
UTI and septicemia
33
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for Serratia marcecens?

A

Nosocomial UTIs
Catheter septicemia
Burn infections

34
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Proteus?

A 
Nosocomial infections 
P. miribilis majority 
UTIs - urease production
Renal stones
Pyelonephritis and cystitis
35
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Morganella morganii?

A

UTI
Diarrhea
Ear and sinus infection
Nosocomial infections

36
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Slamonella?

A

Gasteroenteritis
Typhoid fever (enteric fever)
Rose spots, macular rash
Intestinal hemorrhage

37
Q

What are the four types of Shigella?

A

S. sannei (most common industrial world + US)
S. flexneri (developing countries)
S. boydii
S. dysenteriae (most pathogenic)

38
Q

Virulence factors for Shigella

A 
Shiga toxin (S. dysentariae)
AB toxin (B binds to glycosides, 60S ribosomal subunit)
39
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Shigella?

A

Shigellosis
Early - diarrhea, enterotoxic
Late - dysentery w/ blood, cyotoxic

40
Q

Which gram negative bacteria uses a lactose fermenter test?

A

E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Maybe citrobacter

41
Q

Which gram negative bacteria uses a H2S+ test?

A

Proteus
Salmonella
Citrobactoer

42
Q

What gram negative bacteria uses a non-motile test?

A

Klebsiella

Shigella

43
Q

What gram negative bacteria uses Voges-Proskauer+ test?

A

Klebsiella
Enterbacter
Serratia

44
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses urease test?

A

Proteus
Morganella
Helicobacter
Yersinia

45
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses motility test?

A

Proteus (swarming)

Morganella

46
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses indole test?

A

E. coli

47
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses oxidase test?

A

Vibronacae
Helicobactor
C. jejuni

48
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses catalase test?

A

Helicobacter

C. jejuni

49
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses glucose fermentation test?

A

Bacteroides

50
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses latex aggluntination test?

A

H. influenzae

51
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses counterimmunoelectrophoresis?

A

H. influenzae

52
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses flourscent antibody stainning?

A

H. influenzae

53
Q

What gram neg bacteria uses giemsa and methylene blue stain?

A

Pasturella mutocida

Bonus exam (15 decks)

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