Buxton Exam 1

Question 1

What are PAMPs?

Answer 1

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns

Pathogens have their own molecules not found in mammal cells and so the immune system recognizes these as invaders

Question 2

What are PRRs?

Answer 2

Pattern Recognition Receptors

The are on the host cell and bind to PAMPs

Question 3

What are the characteristics of extracellular PAMPs?

Answer 3

Bacterial cell wall molecules
Flagellin
Bacterial cell external features
Elicit inflammation

Question 4

What are the characteristics of endosomal membrane bound PAMPs?

Answer 4

Microbial nucleic acids

Elicit antiviral immune response to T cell stimulation

Question 5

What are the characteristics of cytoplasmic PAMPs?

Answer 5

Bacterial peptidoglycans
Viral RNA
Elict antivrial immune response/ T-cell stimulation
NOD-like receptors
RIG-like receptors

Question 6

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-1 and TLR-2

Answer 6

Located on plasma membrane
Bacterial cell - lipoprotein
Parasites - membrane protein

Question 7

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-2 and TLR-6

Answer 7

Located in plasma membrane
Gram (+) bacterial cell wall - peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid
Fungal cell walls - zymosan

Question 8

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-3

Answer 8

Located on phagosome membrane

Viruses - double stranded RNA

Question 9

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-4

Answer 9

Located on the plasma membrane
Gram (-) bacterial cell walls - LPS
Viral envelope proteins
Fungal mannans

Question 10

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-5

Answer 10

Located on the plasma membrane

Bacterial flagella - flagellar proteins

Question 11

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-7 and TLR-8

Answer 11

Located on the pahgosome membrane

Viruses - single stranded RNA

Question 12

Describe toll-like receptor targets; TLR-9

Answer 12

Located on the pahgosome membrane

Bacterial and viral DNA - CpG sites (unmethlyated)

Question 13

What does type 1 interferon act on and how?

Answer 13

Acts on viral replication of its nucleic acids by inhibiting transcription of viral mRNA
Binds to its receptor on the cell surface sending a signal to begin synth of viral-inhibitory proteins

Question 14

Follicle

Answer 14

Site of B-cell localization and proliferation

In outer cortex

Question 15

Primary follicles

Answer 15

Dense and dormant

Question 16

Secondary follicles

Answer 16

Pale central germinal center and are active

Produce plasma cells

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

Consists of medullary cords (closely packed lymphocytes and contain reticular cells and macrophages) and medullary sinuses

Question 18

How do medullary sinuses communicate?

Answer 18

With efferent lymphatics and contain reticular cells and macrophages

Question 19

Paracortex

Answer 19

Houses T cell region of cortex between follicles and medulla

Contains high endothelial cenules through which T and B cells enter from the blood

Question 20

Which area of a lymph node is poorly developed in DiGeorge syndrome?

Answer 20

Paracortex