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2nd Sem > Ha midterms > Flashcards

Ha midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Assessing the thorax and lungs

A
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2
Q

Identifies the portion of the body extending from the base of the neck superiorly to the level of the diaphragm inferiorly

A

Thorax

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3
Q

The lungs, distal portion of the trachea, and the bronchi are located in the thorax and constitute as

A

Lower respiratory system

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4
Q

The outer structure of the thorax and is constructed of the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, muscles, and cartilage is referred to as the

A

Thoracic cage

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5
Q

Contains the respiratory components

A

Thoracic cavity

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6
Q

Also known as breastbone, lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into three parts: manubrium, body, and xyphoid process

A

Sternum

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7
Q

A U-shaped indention located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as the

A

Suprasternal notch (or angle of Louis)

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8
Q

Name the 3 vertical reference lines in examining the chest wall

A

Midsternal line, Right midclavicular line, Left Midclavicular line

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9
Q

Name the 3 vertical reference lines in examining posterior thorax

A

Vertebral line, Right scapular line, Left scapular line

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10
Q

The thoracic cavity consists of the ____, which is the central area in the thoracic cavity that contains the trachea, bronchi, esophagus, heart, and great vessels

A

Mediastinum

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11
Q

Is a flexible structure that lies anterior to the esophagus

A

Trachea

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12
Q

At the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into the right and left main ____

A

Bronchi

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13
Q

The right main bronchus is _____ and more ____ than the left main bronchus, making aspirated object more likely to enter the right lung than the left

A

Short and more vertical

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14
Q

The bronchi and trachea represent ____ in the respiratory system, where air is transported but no gas exchange takes place

A

Dead space

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15
Q

The thoracic cavity is lined by a thin, double-layered serous membrane referred to as the

A

Pleura

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16
Q

The ___ lines the chest cavity

A

Parietal pleura

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17
Q

The ___ covers the external surface of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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18
Q

Bradypnea is

A

10/min

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19
Q

Tachypnea is

A

24/min

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20
Q

Hyperventilation

A

High rr

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21
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Low rr

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22
Q

What is the normal rr?

A

14-20/min

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23
Q

Air movement in the lungs that is heard through auscultating

A

Vesicular sound

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24
Q

When auscultating the lungs for sound what should not be heard?

A

Adventitious

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25
Q

In auscultating lung sounds for wheezes ___ are high pitched and ____ are low pitched

A

Sibilant and Sonorous

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26
Q

In auscultating lung sounds, ____ abnormality is heard upon inspiration and is characterized by either _____ popping sounds or ____ bubbling sounds

A

Crackles, fine, coarse

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27
Q

In percussing, what are normal sounds heard?

A

Resonant sounds

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28
Q

Identify the respiratory abnormality:
Alternation periods of deep rapid breaths

A

Cheyne stokes respiration

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29
Q

Identify the respiratory abnormality:
Irregular pattern with varying depths of respiration

A

Biot’s ataxic respiration

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30
Q

Identify the respiratory abnormality:
Problem with inhalation and lung expansion

A

Restrictive lungs ds

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31
Q

Identify the sounds heard when auscultating lungs:
Air movement in the lungs

A

Vesicular sounds

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32
Q

Identify the sounds heard when auscultating lungs:
Air inside a pipe

A

Bronchial sounds

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33
Q

Identify the sounds heard when auscultating lungs:
Combination of bronchial and vesicular sounds

A

Bronchovesicular sounds

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34
Q

Altered voice in auscultation

A

Bronchophony

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35
Q

Assessing the breast and lymphatic system

A
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36
Q

Paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscle

A

Breasts

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37
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the breast

A

Upper inner, upper outer, lower inner, Lower outer

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38
Q

Most breast tumors occur in this quadrant, and extends into the axillary area which is referred to as what

A

Upper outer quadrant, Tail of spence

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39
Q

Is located in the center of the breast, contains the tiny opening of the lactiferous ducts through which milk passes

40
Q

Surrounds the nipple and contains elevated sebaceous glands that secrete a protective lipid substance during lactation

41
Q

Constitutes the functional part of the breast, allowing for milk production

A

Glandular tissue

42
Q

The slight enlargement in each duct before it reaches the nipple is called the

A

Lactiferous sinus

43
Q

Provides support for the glandular tissue largely by way of bands called Cooper ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue

44
Q

Both males and females have superficial veins forming a network over the entire chest, known as the

A

Mammary plexus

45
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlarged nipple

46
Q

Fibrocystic nipples

47
Q

Fibroadenoma nipples

48
Q

Resulting from edema, an orange peel appearance of the breast is associated with cancer

A

Peau D’orange

49
Q

Thorax is round shaped

A

Barrel Chest

50
Q

Thorax has depression in lower sternum and is seen with congenital conditions that can cause murmurs or compress the heart and vessels

A

Pectus Excavatum

51
Q

Sternum protrudes forward. Congenital. Increased AP diameter

A

Pectus Carinatum (Pigeon Chest)

52
Q

Lateral S-shaped curve of the spine

53
Q

Exaggerated increased rounding of the thoracic spine

54
Q

Such athletes have this and often have a forward-translated head

A

Overhead position

55
Q

Assessing the heart and vascular system

56
Q

The anterior chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels is called the

A

Precordium

57
Q

Occurs when blood flows to tissues and organs promoting the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

58
Q

The large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from the heart are referred to as the

A

Great vessels

59
Q

The ____ and ____ return blood to the right atrium from the upper and lower torsos

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

60
Q

Transport oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

61
Q

What are the heart covering and walls

A

Pericardium, Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

62
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

63
Q

Refers to the filling and emptying of the heart’s chambers

A

Cardiac cycle

64
Q

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle

A

Diastole and Systole

65
Q

What are heart sounds associated with Diastole?

A

S2, S3, S4

66
Q

What are heart sounds associated with Systole

67
Q

Are produced by valve closure

A

Heart sounds

68
Q

Normal heart sounds are characterized as?

69
Q

Lub sound S1 louder in the upper right side

A

Aortic area

70
Q

Dub sound S2 louder in upper left side

A

Pulmonic area

71
Q

4th ICS equal sound of lub and dub

A

Tricuspid area

72
Q

5th ICS midclavicular and loudest heard of heart sound

A

Mitral area

73
Q

Opening of aorta and pulmonic

A

Systole lub

74
Q

Opening and closing of Mitral and tricuspid where hydrostatic pressure exerted by the pumping of the heart

75
Q

PMI

A

Point of Maximum impulse

76
Q

Turbulent blood flow in which a swooshing or blowing sound may be auscultated over the precordium

77
Q

Is the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles during a given period of time and is determined by the stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate

A

Cardiac Output

78
Q

Is the amount of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction

A

Stroke Volume

79
Q

Assessing the abdomen

80
Q

The four quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant

81
Q

What are the 9 quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right hypochondriac, Epigastric region, Left Hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumber region, Right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

82
Q

Solid Viscera

A

Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus

83
Q

Hollow Viscera

A

Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder

84
Q

This lines diaphragm, anterior and posterior abdominal wall

A

Parietal peritoneum

85
Q

This lines the liver, stomach, small and large intestine

A

Visceral peritoneum

86
Q

People with high abdominal fat and visceral fat most likely have higher ____

A

Cholesterol

87
Q

Identify the type of abdominal pain:
Dull achy pain, burning, cramping and colicky pain

A

Visceral pain

88
Q

Identify the type of abdominal pain:
Localized, severe and steady pain

A

Parietal pain

89
Q

Identify the type of abdominal pain:
Pain travels from primary site, air trapped shoulder pain

A

Referred Pain

90
Q

Enlargement of the abdomen

A

Abdominal distention

91
Q

What are the different abdominal blood vessels

A
  1. Renal arteries
  2. Abdominal aorta
  3. Umbilical
  4. Illiac arteries
  5. Femoral arteries
92
Q

What is the order in assessing the abdomen

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Auscultation
  3. Percussion
  4. Palpation
93
Q

What order of quadrants should you do in assessing the abdomen

A

RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ

94
Q

Normal percussion sounds of the abdomen

A

Timpany or Timpanic sounds

95
Q

One hand over the other

A

Bi manual palpation

96
Q

Assessing the thorax and lungs

2nd Sem (13 decks)

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