H102 - Military History - PT 1 Flashcards
Application of lessons learned and how the actions of those before us apply to current and future operations.
H102 - The Greeks and Persia fought at the Battle of ______ on 12 Sep 490 BC. The Greeks, outnumbered, routed and flanked the Persian line. First major assault from Asian powers against Europe.
The Battle of Marathon
H102 - Xerces led the Persians as they invaded Greece. The Persian army, 250,000 strong faced a force of _____ Greeks but was repelled twice.
7000
H102 - We study military history for the unwrittn purpose of fighting Wars more effectively. The uses of military history include: (4 reasons)
- Lessons Learned
- Understand the enemy
- Human side of War
- Doctrine Development
H102 - “____” - Particular knowledge of what hapened.
History
H102 - “_____” - General knowledge of what things mean.
Theory
H102 - “_____” - Common behavior of what to do about it.
Doctrine
H102 - History suggests three common preconditions for the full realization of a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) are;
Technological Developments
Doctrine Innovations
Organizational Adaptation
H102 - Type of thread of continuity that are entirely part of the military profession: Military professionalism, logistics/administration, operations, strategy, tactics, leadership, military theory and doctrine.
Internal Threads
The Internal Threads of Continuity
Military Professionalism, Logistics and Administration, Operations, Strategy, Tactics, Leadership, Military Theory and Doctrine.
Most signifcant of these external threads of continuity; includes political factors, social factors, economic factors, technology and military geography.
External Threads of Continuity
External Threads of Continuity include
Political factors, Social factors, economic factors, technology and military geography.
The nine principles of War (MOOSE MUSS)
Mass, Objective, Offensive, Security, Economy of force (MOOSE) Maneuver, Unit of Command, Surprise, Simplicity (MUSS)
North American population circa 1600
100,000 to 150,000
“______” was used as a promissory note my the indigenous people.
Wampum
Why did the indigenous people fight with spears, throwers, knives and bows?
Their tactics were adapted to their environment. Hunting.
What were the most significant causes for the defeat of the Native Americans.
Constant warfare and catastrophic diseases
Cause of conflict between the French and British. Reason for alliances between these forces and assorted tribes.
Fur Trade
What is the “Hand Gonne”
Developed in the fifteenth century, essentially a small cannon with a touch hole. Used a stand to hold it steady and light.
Significant event in Salem Massachusetts in 1636.
The first muster of Militia. Every man was a Soldier.
The first of many wars fought between Whites and Indians happened in 1637. Following the murder of a trader by the Pequots tribe. Gov. John Endicott organized a force to take what sort of action?
Punitive action. The force was intended to punish the Indians.
First in a series of colonial conflicts between France and England for supremacy in North America.
King William’s War
Early 1750’s in the Ohio valley at the intersection where the Allegheny and the Monongahela form the Ohio. Washington noted what.
A location for a fort on the point of land. Captured by the British and named Fort Duquesne.
What year did the French and Indian War end?
1763; Treaty of Paris
How much was the British National debt as a result of the 25 years of war?
140 Million pounds sterling.
Tactics learned from the Indigenous people.
Guerrilla tactics.
French battle formations were vulnerable to what?
Guerrilla Tactics
What year did the Revolutionary War begin. Shot heard around the world.
18 APR 1775
Act that was intended to reaffirm the Crown’s control within the Proclamation lands.
The Quebec Act
What happened on 27 NOV 1773
Boston Tea Party, 342 chests thrown into the Boston Harbor.
The stamp act impacted what goods? Intended to show that taxes were paid. 24 March 1765.
Newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, brochures, legal documents, dice and playing cards.
Why were colonists enraged by the Tea Act? Why was cheap tea a bad thing?
Undercut the local Tea trade. England had a monopoly on Tea by using cheap and confiscated tea.
Rebels dressed as what when they dumped tea into Boston Harbor?
Indians
18 April 1775 British attempted to seize what in Concord?
A cache of Arms
What significant battle was the order until you see “the whites of their eyes” given? An assault by 2,000 British Soldiers.
Battle of Bunker Hill
Why was Bunker Hill significant?
Commanding view of the seaport and harbor. Preservation of the security of Boston.
What caused the colonists to lose Bunker Hill?
Ran out of Ammunition.
What was significant about holding New York.
It split the colonies in half. Strategic control of the Hudson River.
Christmas day 1776, what happened?
Utilizing the element of surprise, Washington and 2400 soldiers re-crossed the Delaware River. 1000 taken captive and only six of Washington’s troops wounded.
Major turning point of the Revolutionary War. 19 Sep 1777
The Battle of Saratoga.
The Prussian, Baron Frederich Von Steuben was responsible for what?
A Prussian who drilled Soldiers regularly and improved their discipline at Valley Forge.
December through June 1778, how many died at Valley Forge?
2500
Famous words “I have not yet begun to fight!”
Captain John Paul Jones of the Bonhomme Richard. 23 Sep 1779
Who was the first Inspector General?
Baron Frederich Von Steuben
The British surrendered to what song?
“The World Turned Upside Down.”
Who did General Washington have the British surrender to?
His Deputy, Maj. General Benjamin Lincoln
Quoted saying “Gentlemen, you will permit me to put on my spectacles, for I have not only grown gray but almost blind in the service of my country.”
George Washington
Advantages of a Citizen Militia.
Organize quickly, mobilize quickly, familiar with local terrain, politically loyal and reinforced citizenship responsibility
Standing Army advantages
Well trained/prepared for war, long term availability, efficient/effective on the battlefield.
Standing Army disadvantages
Potential for usurping power, expensive, members’ poor social outcasts and vacated responsibility of citizenshp.
Disadvantages of a Citizen Milita
Resist disciline, simple, uncomplicated training, no standard arms, unreliability under fire, short terms of service.
When was the “Rifle” introduced? AKA the Kentucky Rifle.
By the end of the French and Indian War. Known as the Kentucky rifle.
Cuases of the Civil War
States Rights, Tariffs, Slavery and the Patrone Factor.
what are “WASP’s”
White, Anglo-Saxon Protestants
75,000 of the 3.5 million soldiers involved in the Civil War were “Regulars” the others were what?
Volunteers from state organized units.
“Had rather face the Yankees than the _____ and there is always more men dies of_______….”
Sickness/disease
The Civil War was the first Modern war taking advantage of ___________
Technological Innovations
Abraham Lincoln was elected when?
November 1960
African Americans comprised what percentage of the union army?
10%
Its estimates that more than _____ woman disguised themselves and served as men.
200
The north names battles after what?
nearest stream or river
The south names battles after what?
nearest town or city
Most destructive force for the South
Over inflation and poor supply.
Major reasons for the loss of the Confederacy
Lack of manpower and industry, an opponent with nearly unlimited resources, railroads that only ran in a north to south, competent Union Generals who emerged in 1863
