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Skye's ESA 4 > H&N 2.2 branchial arches > Flashcards

H&N 2.2 branchial arches Flashcards

1
Q

When does the neural tube form?

A

Week 3

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2
Q

How does the neural tube form?

A

notochord signals for overlying ectoderm to thicken, causing a slipper shaped elevation of neurectoderm. This rolls up to from the neural tube

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3
Q

What does the anterior neural tube become?

A

The future brain, therefore it rapidly proliferates

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4
Q

What are the 3 vesicle stages of the brain development?

A

prosencephalnon- forebrain
mesencephalon- midbrain
rhombencephalon- hindbrain

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5
Q

Where does the pharynx extend from and to?

What are it’s divisions?

A

From the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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6
Q

What are the pharyngeal arches?

A

Mesenchymal proliferations in the neck region of the embryo

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7
Q

how many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

5 in total,

1,2,3,4, and 6

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8
Q

What 2 distinct portions does the first pharyngeal arch split into?

A

Maxillary prominence and the mandibular prominence

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9
Q

What cells are crucial for the development of the head and neck?

A

Neural crest cells, which migrate from elsewhere.

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10
Q

Which nerves are derived from the pharyngeal arches?

A

Ph arch 1- trigeminal nerve
Ph arch 2- facial nerve
Ph arch 3- glossopharyngeal nerve
Ph arch 4 and 6- vagus nerve

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11
Q

What muscles are derived from Ph arch 1?

A

Muscles of mastication

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12
Q

What muscles are derives from Ph arch 2?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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13
Q

What muscles are derived from Ph arch 3?

What’s its function?

A

The stylopharyngeus only- aids in elevating pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

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14
Q

What muscles are derived from Ph arch 4?

A

Cosntrictors of the pharynx,

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15
Q

What muscles are derived from Ph arch 6?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

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16
Q

What nerve gives special sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve

17
Q

What nerve gives special sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve.

18
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the vagus nerve, and from which Ph arches are they derived?

A

Ph arch 4- superior laryngeal nerve

Ph arch 6- recurrent laryngeal nerve.

19
Q

What’s the function of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

innervates constrictors of the phayrnx

20
Q

What’s the function of hte recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

21
Q

What cartilage is derived from Ph arch 1?

A

Meckel’s cartilage, derived from the mandibular prominence.

22
Q

What are the derivatives fo the cartilage bar fromed from Ph arch 1?

A

Template for the mandible (membranous ossification)

malleus, incus.

23
Q

What cartilage is derived from Ph arch 2?

A

Reichert’s cartilage.

24
Q

What are the derivatives of the cartilage bar formed from Ph arch 2?

A

The superior hyoid bone,
The styloid process
The stapedius.

25
Q

What are the derivatives of the 1st and 2nd aortic arches?

A

There are none, they dissappear.

26
Q

What are the derivates of the 3rd aortic arch?

A

Internal carotid artery

27
Q

What are the derivates of the 4th aortic arch?

A

on the left, forms the arch of the aorta.

On the right, from the brachiocephallic artery.

28
Q

What are the derivatives of the 6th aortic arch?

A

Forms the pulmonary arch.

29
Q

Are the pharyngeal pouches found on the inside or the outside?

A

Inside, they’re covered by endoderm.

30
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch form?

A

The tympanic cavity and the eustachian tube.

31
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch form?

A

The pallatine tonsils

32
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch form?

A

Joins the 4th,
Dorsal portions form the parathyroid glands
Ventral portions form the thymus.

33
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch form?

A

Joins with the 3rd,
Dorsal portions form the parathyroid glands
Ventral portions form the thymus

34
Q

Where are the pharyngeal clefts found?

A

On the outside, between the arches, coverred in ectoderm.

35
Q

What is special about the 1st pharyngeal cleft?

A

It’s the only one that remains

36
Q

What is derived from teh 1st pharyngeal cleft?

A

The external auditory meatus.

37
Q

What problems can occur with regards to the pharyngeal clefts?

A

They can not fully close up, leading to branchial cysts and fistulae

38
Q

Where would you find pharyngeal cysts and fistulae?

A

Along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, therefore within the anterior triangle.

39
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch and what becomes of them?

A

outpocketings of the primitive gut tube in the pharynx.

Become glandular tissue.

Skye's ESA 4 (48 decks)

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