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CLASS 22010 Endocrine > GYNECOMASTIA > Flashcards

GYNECOMASTIA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sub-areolar hyper density which may be unilateral or bilateral, and may be painful or non-painful ?

A

Gynecomastia

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2
Q

What is a common transient finding in pubertal males which generally self resolves?

A

Gynecomastia

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3
Q

Any condition resulting in excess estrogen, or testosterone which is metabolically linked to the estrogen via aromatase can cause what?

A

Gynecomastia

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4
Q

Excess estrogen relating to gynecomastia may be from what?

A
  1. normal physiology
  2. endocrine disease
  3. systemic disease
  4. neoplasms
  5. drugs
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5
Q

What kind of normal physiology can cause gynecomastia?

A
  1. aging
  2. obesity
  3. puberty
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6
Q

What kind of endocrine diseases can cause gynecomastia?

A
  1. androgen insensitivity syndrome
  2. diabetic lymphocytic mastitis
  3. prolactinoma
  4. hyper/hypothyroidism
  5. hypogonadism (primary or secondary)
  6. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY chromosome)
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7
Q

Systemic diseases such as what may cause gynecomastia?

A
  1. chronic liver disease
  2. chronic kidney disease
  3. spinal cord injury
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8
Q

Neoplasms such as what may cause gynecomastia?

A
  1. adrenal tumors
  2. bronchogenic lung cancer
  3. breast cancer
  4. testicular cancer
  5. pituitary prolactinoma
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9
Q

What kind of drugs can cause gynecomastia?

A
  1. alcohol
  2. anabolic steroids
  3. otc supplements with androgenic precursors
  4. antipsychotics
  5. opioids
  6. marijuana
  7. isoniazid
  8. spironolactone
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10
Q

True gynecomastia will be localized where?

A

sub areolar region only

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11
Q

These are all red flags in what endocrine condition?

  1. Asymmetry
  2. density located away from sub areolar region
  3. nipple retraction
  4. nipple bleeding or discharge
  5. unusual firmness
A

Gynecomastia

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12
Q

True or False

Gynecomastia

All masses or presence of beta hCG warrant a testicular ultrasound

A

True

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13
Q

These are all labs that should be run for what disease process?

  1. free testosterone
  2. LH/FSH
  3. liver function panel
  4. renal panel to evaluate BUN and Creatinine
  5. Beta hCG (not pregnancy test, the tumor marker lab)
  6. estradiol
  7. thyroid function panel
  8. prolactin
A

Gynecomastia

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14
Q

Is pubertal gynecomastia usually self resolving?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Treatment for true gynecomastia

True or False

Evaluate for supplement use which is VERY common in active duty population. Reliability of self-reported use is poor so counsel patient
regarding risks even if use is denied.

A

true

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16
Q

What is the pharmacologic treatment of gynecomastia?

A

Estrogen inhibition

  1. Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
    a. raloxifine
    b. tomaxifine
  2. aromatase inhibitor
    a. anastrozole
  3. testosterone therapy for males with hypogonadism

CLASS 22010 Endocrine (15 decks)

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