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GIGU Exam 2 > Gynecology > Flashcards

Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures are in the pelvis?

A

Uterus and uterine tubes

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2
Q

What are the different parts of the uterus?

A

Fundus, body, isthmus, cervix

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3
Q

Describe the size of the uterus throughout life

A

After childbirth it has adult proportions (2/3 body to 1/3 cervix) due to maternal hormone influence
Postpartum the uterus reduces to a 1/2 body 1/2 cervix ratio
During puberty the body returns to the 2/3 size until menopause where it again returns to a 1/2 to 1/2 ratio

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4
Q

What is the ratio of the nulliparous adult uterus?

A

2:1

Has never given birth

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5
Q

What is the ratio of the multiparous uterus in the adult?

A

3:1

Has given birth two or more times

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6
Q

What is the fundus of the uterus?

A

Rounded superior portion b/w uterine horns

Furthest away from the vaginal opening

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7
Q

What is the body of the uterus?

A

Upper 2/3 of uterus

Contains uterine horns (superolateral region and entrance point for the uterine tubes) and the uterine cavity

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8
Q

Describe the uterine cavity

A

Internal space in the body of the uterus

Contains internal Os of the uterus (passage from the uterine cavity to the cervical canal)

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9
Q

What is the isthmus of the uterus?

A

Tapering region superior to the cervix

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10
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Cylindrical narrow inferior region that protrudes into the uppermost vagina
Includes the supravaginal part, vaginal part and cervical canal

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11
Q

What is the supravaginal part of the uterus?

A

Between isthmus and vaginal part

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12
Q

What is the vaginal part of the cervix?

A

Part of the cervix that extends into the upper most vagina

Surrounded by fornix

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13
Q

What is the cervical canal?

A

Small fusiform space in the cervix of the uterus

Contains external Os of the uterus (inferior opening of the cervical canal into the vagina)

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14
Q

Cervical cancer was the leading cause of death of North American women until the 1940s with the advent of the what?

A

Pap smear which can detect premalignant cervical conditions

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15
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

A

Permietrium, myometrium and endometrium

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16
Q

What is perimetrium?

A

Outer layer

Serous coat of peritoneum

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17
Q

What is myometrium?

A

Middle muscular layer of uterine wall

Most vascular layer

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18
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Inner mucous layer

Closely adherent to the myometrium

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19
Q

What is a hysterectomy?

A

Excision of the uterus through the anterior abdominal wall or vagina
Can be partial, total or radical

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20
Q

What is a partial hysterectomy?

A

Cervix, uterine tubes and ovaries are left behind while uterus is removed

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21
Q

What is a total hysterectomy?

A

Uterus and cervix are removed leaving the uterine tubes and ovaries

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22
Q

What is a radical hysterectomy?

A

Removal of all uterine parts and the vagina

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23
Q

What are the uterine and ovarian ligamentous structures?

A

Broad L of uterus, suspensory L of ovary, round L of uterus, ligament of the ovary, transverse cervical L, uterosacral L

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24
Q

What is the round L of the uterus?

A

Fibrous remnant of the inferior part of the ovarian gubernaculum
Extends fro the lateral uterus through the mesometrium to the labia majora via the inguinal canal

25
What is the ligament of the ovary?
Fibrous remnant of the superior part of the ovarian gubernaculum Extends from the lateral uterine wall to the ovary through the mesometrium
26
What are the uterine tubes?
Conveys oocytes from the ovary to the uterus | Includes the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterine part
27
What is the infundibulum of the uterine tubes?
Funnel shaped distal end open to the peritoneal cavity near the ovaries Contain abdominal ostium and fimbriae
28
What is the abdominal ostium?
Opening that leads from the peritoneal cavity to the infundibulum of the uterine tube
29
What are fimbriae?
Finger like projections from the end of the infundibulum over the ovaries Contains ovarian fimbrion (one long infundibular fimbria that attaches to the superior end of the ovary)
30
What is the ampulla of the uterine tubes?
Longest portion | Form the infundibulum to the isthmus
31
What is the isthmus of the uterine tubes?
Thick walled portion which enters the uterus horn
32
What is the uterine part of the uterine tubes?
Short segment which passes through the uterine wall | Contains uterine ostium (opening that leads from the uterine tube to the uterine cavity
33
Ligation of the uterine tubes is done either abdominal or laparoscopically through the what?
Umbilicus and involves ligating the uterine tubes so the oocytes never reach the uterine cavity
34
Describe the ovaries
Small almond shaped glands suspended by mesovarium | Responsible for the production and expulsion of oocytes
35
Describe the vagina
Musculomembranous tube from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule of the vagina between the labia minora Normally a collapsed tube except at the superior most part that surrounds the cervix Contain the vaginal fornix
36
What are the vaginal fornices?
Short recess around the cervix | Typically described as having a deep posterior part, a shallow anterior and lateral parts
37
Which structures are in the perineum?
Contains female external genitalia or pudendum (vulva) | Mons pubis, pudendal cleft, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal vestibule
38
What is the mons pubis?
Rounded fatty prominence anterior to the pubic symphysis
39
What is the pudendal cleft?
Anterior slit between the labia majora
40
What are the labia majora?
Prominent skin folds that protect external urethral and vaginal orifices Contain the anterior and posterior labial commissures
41
What is the anterior labial commissure?
Junction of the right and left labia majora | Anterior to the angle of the clitoris
42
What is the posterior labial commissure?
Posterior limit of the pudendum Overlies the perineal body Usually not repent after first vaginal birth
43
What are the labia minora?
Folds of fat-free, hairless skin enclosed within the pudendal cleft and labia majora Surround the vestibule of the vagina
44
What is the frenulum of the labia minora?
Fourchette Small and posteriorly located transverse mucosal fold Exists pre-sexual activity
45
Describe the clitoris
Erectile organ extends from the anterior junction of the labia minora posteriorly to the pubic symphysis Branches into two crura which associate with corresponding inferior pubic rami Parts: glans clitoris, angle of clitoris, body of clitoris, crura of clitoris, prepuce of clitoris, frenula of clitoris and suspensory L of clitoris
46
What is the glans clitoris?
Distal anterior projection | Externally visible
47
What is the angle of the clitoris?
At the pubic symphysis Bend in the clitoris at the junction of the crura and the body of the clitoris Described as being comprised of two corpora cavernosa
48
What is the body of the clitoris?
Comprised of two corpora cavernosa
49
What are the crura of the clitoris?
Associated with the corresponding inferior pubic ramus Posterolateral projections of the corpora cavernous Right and left crus of the clitoris
50
What is the prepuce of the clitoris?
Anterior most junction of the labia minora which travels anterior to and variably covers the glans clitoris
51
What is the frenula of the clitoris?
Travel posteriorly from the clitoris to the paired labia minora
52
What is the suspensory L of the clitoris?
Extends from the pubic symphysis to the body of the clitoris
53
What is the vaginal vestibule?
Between paired labia minora | Contains the vaginal and external urethral orifices
54
What is the external urethral orifice?
Exit point of the urethra
55
What is the vaginal orifice?
Opening of the vagina | Contains the hymen (membranous structure surrounding the vaginal orifice)
56
What are the bulbs of the vestibule?
Paired elongated erectile tissue Surrounding the vaginal orifice Homologous to the bulb and the corpus spongiosum of the penis
57
What are the greater vestibular glands?
Paired glands posterior to the vestibule | Secrete mucus upon sexual arousal
58
What are the lesser vestibule glands?
Paired glands on either side of the vaginal vestibule | Secrete mucous between external urethral orifice and vaginal orifice moistening labia and vaginal vestibule
59
What is the pathway that oocytes take from the ovary to the vagina?
Abdominal ostium —> infundibulum —> ampulla —> isthmus of uterine tube —> uterine part of the uterine tube -> through the uterine ostium —> uterine cavity —> internal Os —> cervical canal —> external Os —> vagina

GIGU Exam 2 (17 decks)

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