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GIGU Exam 2 > Andrology > Flashcards

Andrology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the penile raphe?

A

Midline skin fold between glans penis and scrotum

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2
Q

What is the scrotal raphe?

A

Midline skin fold between penile raphe and perineal raphe

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3
Q

What is the perineal raphe?

A

Midline skin fold between scrotal raphe and anus

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4
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?*

A

Ductus deferens, testicular A, artery of the ductus deferens, cremasteric A, pampiniform plexus, sympathetic nerve fibers and genital branch of genitofemoral N

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5
Q

What is the ductus deferens?

A

Muscular tube that conveys sperm

Continuation of the duct of the epididymis

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6
Q

Describe the course of the ductus deferens

A

Begins at the tail of the epididymis
Travels through the inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord
Enters pelvis and swells to the ampulla of the ductus deferens
Joins with the ducts of the seminal vesicles posterior to the urinary bladder to form the ejaculatory ducts

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7
Q

What is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?

A

Part of the ductus deferens closest to the ejaculatory ducts

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8
Q

What is a deferenectomy/vasectomy?

A

The ligation and/or excision of the ductus deferens through an incision made in the superior scrotum thereby rendering the resultant ejaculant devoid of spermatozoa

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9
Q

What does the testicular A supply?

A

Testis and epididymis

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10
Q

What does the pampiniform plexus drain into?

A

Testicular V

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11
Q

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral N innervate?

A

Cremaster M

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12
Q

What provides blood supply to the ductus deferens?

A

Artery of the ductus deferens from the inferior vesical A

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13
Q

What provides blood supply to the cremaster M?

A

Cremasteric A from the inferior epigastric A

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14
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?*

A

Skin, dartos fascia and dartos M

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15
Q

What is dartos fascia?

A

Derived from membranous superficial fascia

Associated with a layer of smooth muscle that inserts onto the skin giving the scrotum a wrinkled appearance

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16
Q

What is Dartos M?

A

Smooth muscle fibers associated with Dartos fascia inserting onto the skin

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17
Q

What are the layers of the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia and internal spermatic fascia

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18
Q

What is external spermatic fascia derived from?

A

EOM aponeurosis

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19
Q

What is cremasteric fascia derived from?

A

IOM aponeurosis

Contains cremaster muscle

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20
Q

Describe the cremaster M

A

Thin slips of muscle on the cremasteric fascia
Derived from the IOM
Reflexively draws the testis superiorly to produce an optimal temperature for spermatogenesis
Innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral N

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21
Q

What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

A

Transversalis fascia

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22
Q

What are the two layers of the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis and albuginea

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23
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Double layered closed peritoneal sac covering the testis and epididymis
Includes parietal and visceral layers

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24
Q

What is the parietal tunica vaginalis?

A

Adherent to internal spermatic fascia

Derived from parietal peritoneum

25
Q

What is visceral tunica vaginalis?

A

Adherent to tunica albuginea
Derived from visceral peritoneum
Includes sinus of epididymis (slit between epididymis and testes)

26
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Tough fibrous coat adherent to the testes

27
Q

Describe the testis

A

Ovoid organ suspended from spermatic cord in the scrotum
Produces spermatozoa
Includes seminiferous tubules, straight tubule, rete testis, septum

28
Q

What is the site of spermatozoa formation in the testis?

A

Seminiferous tubules

29
Q

What transfers spermatozoa to the rete testis?

A

Straight tubule

30
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

Sinusoidal spaces where spermatozoa enter the efferent ductules of the epididymis

31
Q

What is the septum of the testis?

A

Separate between lobular formations of seminiferous and straight tubules

32
Q

Describe the epididymis

A

Tightly packed convoluted duct of the epididymis
Rests on posterior testis and tapers off to a single deferent duct (ductus deferens)
Stores spermatozoa
Has head, body, tail and efferent ductules

33
Q

What is the head of the epididymis?

A

Most superior and largest region
Formed by tightly coiled ends of several efferent ductules
Contains lobules (compartmentalizations of the coiled ends of the ductules)

34
Q

What is the body of the epididymis?

A

Longest portion between the head and tail

Convoluted duct of the epididymis

35
Q

What is the tail of the epididymis?

A

Tapering region between body and ductus deferens

36
Q

What are efferent ductules?

A

Transfer spermatozoa from rete testis to head and body of epididymis

37
Q

What is the deep fascia of the penis?

A

Surround the erectile tissue and deep vasculature

Made of deep perineal fascia

38
Q

What structures are a part of the regional organization of the penis?

A

Root, body and glans penis

39
Q

What is the root of the penis?

A

Attached

Includes bulb and crura of penis, bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles

40
Q

What is the body of the penis?

A

Free

Includes CT, paired corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum and spongy urethra

41
Q

What is the glans penis?

A

Distal conical expansion

Continuous with corpus spongiosum proximally

42
Q

Which structures are a part of the erectile tissue organization?

A

Ventral and dorsal cylinders of penile erectile tissue

43
Q

What is the ventral cylinder of penile erectile tissue?

A

Central, unpaired, from proximal to distal: bulb of the penis, corpus spongiosum and glans penis

44
Q

What is the bulb of the penis?

A

Erectile tissue at the root of the penis

Continuous with corpus spongiosum

45
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

Ventrally positioned erectile tissue

Transmits spongy urethra

46
Q

Describe the glans penis as part of the erectile tissue organization

A

Contains the corona of the glans (margin which projects proximally over the corpus cavernosa)
Neck of the glans (separation of the body and glans penis)

47
Q

What is the dorsal cylinder of penile erectile tissue?

A

Paired, from proximal to distal: crura of the penis and corpora cavernosa

48
Q

What is the crura of the penis?

A

Erectile tissue associated proximally with the corresponding inferior pubic ramus
Continuous with the two corpus cavernosa
Right and left crus

49
Q

What is the corpus cavernosum?

A

Paired erectile tissue

Houses the paired deep A of the penis

50
Q

What is the external urethra orifice?

A

Exit point of the urethra at the tip of the glans penis

51
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

Skin and fascia of the penis that covers the glans penis to a variable extent
Contains the frenulum (ventrally located median fold)

52
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Unpaired, largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system
Produces prostatic fluid which makes up 20% of seminal fluid
Described as having an anterior, posterior, two lateral and a middle lobe
Contains prostatic ducts

53
Q

What are prostatic ducts?

A

Convey prostatic fluid from the parenchyma of the prostate gland to the prostatic sinus

54
Q

Describe enlargement of the prostate gland

A

Occurs with increasing age and can impinge on the prostatic urethra impeding urination
Enlargement of the prostate gland and prostatic cancer can both be determined by a digital rectal exam

55
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Paired elongated structure between the urinary bladder and rectum
Secrete a fluid which becomes part of the ejaculatory semen
Has a duct (duct of the seminal vesicle)

56
Q

What is the function of the duct of the seminal vesicle?

A

Conveys secretions of the seminal vesicle to the ejaculatory duct

57
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Begin at the union of the ampulla of the ductus deferens and duct of the seminal vesicle near the neck of the bladder
Converge immediately proximal to the prostatic urethra
Empty into the prostatic urethra through paired opening on the seminal colliculus on either side of the prostatic utricle

58
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands?

A

Pea sized glands positioned posterolateral to the membranous urethra
Produce a mucus like substance during sexual arousal
Have a duct

59
Q

What is the function of the duct of the bulbourethral glands?

A

Conveys bulbourethral secretions to the intrabulbar fossa of the spongy urethra

GIGU Exam 2 (17 decks)

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