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Finals > Gynaecology Medicine 🚺 > Flashcards

Gynaecology Medicine 🚺 Flashcards

1
Q

Extreme cervical motion tenderness is seen where? (Chandelier sign)

A

PID

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2
Q

Can PID be a clinical diagnosis?

A

Yes. Can do swab or US, but it’s not needed

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3
Q

Main use of US IN PID?

A

To check for tuboovarian abscess

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4
Q

First invx in PID suspect

A

HCG (you know the drill)

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5
Q

Outpatient treatment for PID?

A

Doxy Foxy
(IM Ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline)

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6
Q

When do we add metronidazole to PID therapy regime

A

If signs of vaginitis or recent gynae instrumentation

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7
Q

When to hospitalise a PID patient

A

Outpatient therapy didn’t work, non compliance risk, severe N/V, tuboovarian abscess, pregnancy

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8
Q

Inpatient PID therapy

A

IM doxy foxy (doxycycline and Ceftriaxone) for 7 days

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9
Q

What is uterine procidentia

A

Whole uterus has protruded out of level of introitus

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10
Q

Pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis?

A

Clinical!

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11
Q

Is the first line management for pelvic organ prolapse, conservative or surgery

A

Conservative

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12
Q

3 conservative treatment ideas for pelvic organ prolapse

A

Vaginal pessary (not long term Tx), reduce risk factors (weight loss, laxative), Kegels

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13
Q

When is surgery indicated for pelvic organ prolapse

A

If conservative treatment fails for symptomatic cases

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14
Q

Some surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse

A

Obliterative surgery (colpocleisis), or reconstructive surgery (sacrocolpexy, suspension, colporrhaphy,

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15
Q

Risk factors for ovarian cyst rupture

A

Large cysts, repro age, intercourse, physical activity

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16
Q

Imaging of choice to diagnose ovarian cyst rupture. And what do you see

A

Transabdominal or transvaginal US. See free fluid in pouch of Douglas

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17
Q

If transabd/transvag ultrasound non conclusive for ovarian cyst rupture, what invx can you do next

A

CT with IV contrast (see the hemoperitoneium)

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18
Q

Hemodynamically unstable case of ovarian cyst rupture. Mx? When do we do oophorectomy

A

Emergency exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy to get hemostasis. Suture/cauterise where needed. Oophorectomy if intractable

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19
Q

Hemodynamically stable patient with ruptured ovarian cyst. We observe and give analgesics. When do we do do inpatient vs outpatient therapy

A

Outpatient: only small Hemoperitoneum and no ongoing bleeding
Inpatient: significant blood loss and/or it’s ongoing

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20
Q

Imaging of choice for ovarian torsion.

A

Transabd/transvag ultrasound with Doppler

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21
Q

First Mx (not Invx) of ovarian torsion patient (in all patients)

A

Emergency exploratory laparoscopy

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22
Q

Premenopausal woman comes with ovarian torsion. How should she be managed in Sx

A

detort, to preserve ovary. Only remove ovary if necrotic

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23
Q

Postmenapausal woman comes with ovarian torsion. How should she be managed in Sx

A

Salpingo oophorectomy

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24
Q

Initial diagnosis work up for adenomyosis.

A

Hx and Exam etc. transvaginal US (MRI ok too). Diagnosis is clinical though

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25
Q

How to confirm adenomyosis diagnosis

A

Histology

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26
Q

Conservative therapy options for adenomyosis

A

Prog only pill, COCP, NSAID

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27
Q

Definitive therapy for adenomyosis

A

Hysterectomy

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28
Q

Best initial test for endometriosis

A

Transvaginal US

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29
Q

Confirmatory test for endometriosis

A

Laparoscopy and biopsy (recall pathology)

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30
Q

Endometriosis medical therapy first line

A

COCP (can give NSAID too)

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31
Q

Endometriosis medical therapy (if patient wants pregnancy)

A

NSAID

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32
Q

Endometriosis medical therapy for severe cases

A

GnRH antag or ag

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33
Q

Endometriosis surgical therapy first line?

A

Laparoscopic excision and ablation of endometriosis implants. Done when medical therapy hasn’t helped

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34
Q

Endometriosis surgical therapy second line?

A

Open surgery with hysterectomy (+/-) bilateral salpingo oophorectomy

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35
Q

Definition of infertility

A

Cannot achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected sex in women <35, and after 6 months in women >35 (times a tickin’)

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36
Q

Antibody to test for potential male infertility

A

Anti sperm ABs

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37
Q

Ways to invx potential male infertility

A

TSH, prolactin, karyotype, semen analysis

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38
Q

Name 5 hormone tests we could do to assess female infertility

A

Midluteal progesterone, androgen levels, early follicular FSH (high in ovarian insufficiency), TSH, prolactin

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39
Q

Aside from hormone tests, what else can be done to invx female infertility at first

A

Ovarian US (Antral follicle count), endometrial biopsy (done 1-3 days before Mense)

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40
Q

If initial female infertility workup is negative, how should we invx next? (note, initial workup usually looks at hormones)

A

Screen for tubal/uterine abnormalities

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41
Q

3 ways to invx for structural causes of female infertility

A

Hysterosalpingography, sonohysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy

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42
Q

4 drugs to help induce ovulation

A

Clomiphene, GnRH (pulsatile), gonadotropins, tamoxifen

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43
Q

In vitro fertilisation process

A

Follicular stimulation, retrieve egg, mix egg with sperm, transfer 2-5 embryos into mother

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44
Q

What is intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A

Single sperm injected into oocyte

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45
Q

What is intrauterine insemination

A

Washed and concentrated sperm introduced direct into uterus

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46
Q

Signs and symptoms of OHSS

A

Abdomen pain and distension, N/V, 3rd spacing. Ultrasound will show enlarged ovaries and maybe ascites

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47
Q

OHSS is due to what, and when

A

After HCG/clomifene treatment. Usually 3-9 days after

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48
Q

Management/monitoring and advice for mild/moderate OHSS

A

Outpatient.
Acetaminophen for pain. Limit activity, monitor body weight, and urine output.

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49
Q

Management for severe OHSS

A

Hospitalisation.
MDT approach

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50
Q

If have ovarian mass. First Invx?

A

US

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51
Q

Signs of concerning ovarian cyst on US

A

Thick septations, projections, papillae, >8cm

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52
Q

Signs of benign ovarian cyst on US

A

Round, thin wall, dark fluid, homogenous, <8cm

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53
Q

Management of concerning looking cyst on US?

A

Sx likely

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54
Q

Treatment of follicular cyst (generally)

A

No Tx

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55
Q

Patient has ovarian cyst with thin walls and little vasc. And has endometrial growth/irreg bleeding. Likely Dx?

A

Follicular cyst

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56
Q

Patient has ovarian cyst with thick walls and high vascularity. And has missed periods. Likely Dx?

A

Corpus luteal cyst

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57
Q

Ultrasound finding for Corpus luteal cyst

A

Ring of fire on Doppler

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58
Q

Patient had molar preg and now has bilateral ovarian cysts. Dx?

A

Theca luteal cysts

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59
Q

Simple cyst in premenopausal woman. < 5cm. Mx

A

Nothing, this is quite normal

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60
Q

Simple cyst in premenopausal woman. > 5cm. Mx

A

Follow up

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61
Q

Simple ovarian cyst in postmenapausal woman. < 3 cm. Mx

A

Quick CA 125 check

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62
Q

Simple cyst in postmenapausal woman. > 3 cm. Mx

A

Follow up (cancer risk)

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63
Q

Rotterdam criteria for PCOS

A

At least 2:
Oligo/anovulation
Hyperandrogenism signs
Enlarged ovaries on ultrasound or presence of cysts

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64
Q

Main lab study for PCOS patients

A

Confirm hyperandrogenism. And I guess an LH:FSH >2

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65
Q

What would you see in PCOS for progestin challenge

A

Patient will bleed. Sign of anovulation

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66
Q

What metabolic screening should we do in PCOS patients

A

Weight, height, waist circumference, BMI (if high, check lipids and sleep apnoea), BP, glycemic status

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67
Q

First line therapy for PCOS (not planning to conceive)

A

COCP

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68
Q

First line therapy for PCOS (planning to conceive)

A

Letrozole

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69
Q

Aside from PCOS treatment; some advice for patients

A

BMI < 25, eat well, excersize,

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70
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia and no atypia. Mx?

A

Observe +- progestins

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71
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. Mx?

A

Hysterectomy (or progestins until had kids)

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72
Q

First imaging to explore endometrial cancer

A

Transvaginal US

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73
Q

How to Dx endometrial cancer

A

Biopsy

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74
Q

Endometrial cancer management in woman not intending pregnancy

A

Total hysterectomy and bilateral saloingooophorectomy

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75
Q

Management of endometrial cancer in early stage or wanting to preserve fertility if can

A

Progestins (with it without radio/chemo)

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76
Q

Pyometra diagnosis and treatment

A

Dx with imaging (US/CT), Tx with draining and cervical dilation

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77
Q

Pap testing summary (routine)

A

25-65 year olds every three years.
Once above 30, can do HPV test too (called a co test, and we do every 5 years).
Don’t screen less than 21

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78
Q

If patient has positive Pap test (atypical cells), do what?

A

Colposcopy and biopsy. If patient above 35, do endometrial biopsy too (can also be endometrial cells)

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79
Q

What is acetowhite epithelium in cervical cancer testing

A

During colposcopy, we add acetic acid to cervical cells, and see they become white if atypical/dysplastic. Requires 2-4 punch biopsies after

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80
Q

If inadequate PAP, do what? Then if inadequate again?

A

Repeat again in 3 mo. If again, do colposcopy.

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81
Q

Patient above 65. Do you Pap her?

A

Not if all previous tests were negative and she doesn’t smoke (and is not high risk)

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82
Q

If patient is HPV positive and Pap negative… do we do colposcopy?

A

No, only when Pap positive

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83
Q

If diagnosed cervical cancer, what management do we do?

A

Cold knife conization or loop electro surgical excision procedure (LEEP)

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84
Q

First line management of vulval carcinoma. When do radio/chemo therapy

A

Local excision and surgical resection. Do adjunct chemo/radio when there is mets

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85
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus Dx

A

Colposcopy and biopsy. Will have done this to rule out malignancy

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86
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus Mx

A

GC cream

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87
Q

VIN Mx

A

May excize or ablate… depends on severity

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88
Q

If do colposcopy on vagina and get abnormal cytology, despite no lesion per se… what do you do

A

Biopsy made every 6 mo for 2 years

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89
Q

Best treatment for vaginal carcinoma

A

Radiotherapy

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90
Q

1° amenorrhea definition

A

Not menses by 15 with normal sexual characteristics. Or 13 without sexual characteristics

91
Q

First invx to check in amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy? HCG test

92
Q

How to confirm constitutional delay of puberty

A

Bone age determination. If less than it should be = constitutional delay. If same, then shirt naturally

93
Q

Definition of 2° amenorrhea, consider time frame if regular or irregular cycle

A

Cessation of menses for >3mo (regular cycle) or >6 mo (irregular cycle)

94
Q

If progestin challenge leads to bleeding in an amenorrhea case, what does this mean

A

Anovulation amenorrhea

95
Q

In primary (and 2° for that matter) amenorrhea, once ruled out pregnancy. Do what?

A

US

96
Q

If ultrasound shows no uterus in primary amenorrhea, what test is best to next check

A

FSH

97
Q

AUB case. Done Hx and exam, and ordered bloods. What invx next

A

US

98
Q

When is the indication for an endometrial biopsy in AUB patients

A

Post menapause (>45)
Endometrium (>4mm)
Obese
Nullipartiy
Tamoxifen use

99
Q

First line for AUB (if not too bad). If it’s just a heavy mense, give what instead

A

COCP. Give NSAID if menorrhagia

100
Q

What classifies as heavy bleeding in AUB

A

More than 1 pad soaked per hour for several hours. Passing multiple large clots

101
Q

Perimenapause definition

A

From when mense fluctuations start, to 1 year after menapause

102
Q

Premenopause definition

A

When menses fluctuate to when they stop

103
Q

Menopause definition

A

When menses cease (confirmed when 12 mo elapsed)

104
Q

Post menopause definition

A

Time after 12 mo after last mense

105
Q

How to diagnose menopause

A

Clinically, but E. P. Inhibin. FSH. can be useful. Vaginal pH will be high, and cholesterol high

106
Q

How to establish menapause in patient with known mense cycle disorders or post hysterectomy

A

Need serum FSH levels (cannot based on bleeding)

107
Q

How to establish menapause in patient on OCPs

A

Discontinue contraceptive and see if amenorrhea persists. Take FSH >4 weeks after

108
Q

Is menopause usually treated

A

No

109
Q

Indications to treat menopause

A

Severe symptoms, premature menopause, surgical menopause

110
Q

HRT for menopause

A

Estrogen is had hysterectomy
E and P if patients have uterus

111
Q

Contraindications for HRT in menopause (and generally)

A

Vaginal bleeding (unDx), pregnant, breast or endometrial cancer, liver disease, hyperlipidemia, DVT/stroke Hx, CAD.

112
Q

Alternative to HRT for menopausal symptoms (kinda are Hormone based)

A

SERMs or paroxetine

113
Q

How to diagnose ovarian insufficiency

A

Need two levels of FSH that are elevated, and two levels of estradiol that are low. All less than 1 mo apart, and after 3 months of mense irregularities. Women age less than 40. (1,2,3,40 rule)

114
Q

Mx for ovarian failure

A

HRT (same as menopause)

115
Q

Diagnostic criteria for prementrual syndrome

A

Symptoms begin <5 days before mense and end within 4days after. For >= 3 consecutive cycles

116
Q

3 First line treatment for premenstrual syndrome

A

NSAID, OCP (Tanos says best), SSRI

Spirinolactone is water retention

117
Q

Tuboovarian abscess management

A

Ampicillin and doxycycline parental (ampi doxy).
Surgical drainage laparoscopy (if ruptures)

118
Q

Acute AUB in stable patient. Mx?

A

IV conjugated estrogen (fire with fire). Stabilises the endometrium.

119
Q

Acute AUB in unstable patient. Mx?

A

Supportive. Fluid resus, blood transfusion, packing

120
Q

When to do surgical Tx for AUB

A

If severe bleeding and patient unstable. Patient unresponsive to hormonal Tx/or cannot have hormonal treatment (breast/endometrial cancer)

121
Q

AUB due to ovulation bleeding. How to Mx

A

OCP or progestin. NSAID/tranexamic avid are other options

122
Q

AUB due to anovulatory bleeding, Mx?

A

Progestin PO for 10 days. Or IUD. (Convert proliferation endothelium into secretory!)

123
Q

Surgical procedure for AUB, if patient wants to keep fertility

A

Dilation and curettage with hysteroscopy. (Diagnostic and therapeutic)

124
Q

Surgical procedure for AUB, if patient can afford to lose fertility

A

Endometrial ablation. (CI - wants kids, pregnancy, endometrial hyperplasia
/CA)

125
Q

2 times that uterine artery embolisation is the 1st line for AUB

A

In fibroids or AVM

126
Q

1 time that hysteroscopy is the 1st line for AUB

A

Polyps

127
Q

When is a hysterectomy good for patient with AUB

A

For patients unresponsive to other treatments, don’t desire fertility, or have symptomatic anemia

128
Q

Initial diagnosis invx for endometrial polyp.

A

Transvag US

129
Q

Good invx for endometrial polyp, that can also be used to remove it

A

Hysteroscopy

130
Q

Mx for asymptomatic endometrial polyp

A

Obs and follow up

131
Q

Mx for symptomatic endometrial polyp, or in post menapausal woman

A

Hysteroscopy (removal)

132
Q

Best initial Invx for leiomyomas

A

US

133
Q

Which invx is best to ID submucosal fibroids specifically

A

Hysteroscopy

134
Q

Which imaging modality can be used to evaluate complicated surgical cases of leiomyomas…. And to differentiate leiomyomas/adenomyosis/etc.

A

MRI

135
Q

How to manage asymptomatic fibroids

A

Doesn’t need Tx, but do follow ups with US

136
Q

Two treatment options for fibroids in patients wanting to preserve fertility

A

Myomectomy and medical therapy

137
Q

Fibroids 1st line aim?
First line medical therapies for fibroids. Good and bad bit of this treatment

A

Reduce bleeding and symptoms.
COCP and POP. They control bleeding but promote growth of leiomyomas.
Or progestin IUD (for fibroids not distorting inside of uterus). Antifibrinolytics (for those not wanting hormones), NSAIDs for pain.

138
Q

Fibroids, second line consideration/priority?
Second line medical therapies for fibroids.

A

Reduce size/vascularity. 
GnRH agonists (amazing prior to surgery, not long term), GnRH antagonists, Danazol, selective progesterone receptor modulators (ulipristal).

139
Q

When is myomectomy good for fibroids

A

If rapidly growing, and there is refractory bleeding after medical therapy.

140
Q

When to do hysteroscopic vs abdominal myomectomy

A

Hysteroscopic when submucosal fibroids, or intramurals that are mainly intracavitary. Abdominal when subserosal or intramural

141
Q

When would you do uterine artery embolization for fibroids?

A

Patient with no desire to preserve fertility, but wants to preserve the uterus/avoid Sx.

142
Q

When would you do hysterectomy for fibroids?

A

Definitive treatment, for women not minding surgery, not wanting children and no needing to keep uterus

143
Q

Superficial dyspareunia? Causes

A

Vaginal dryness. Vukvovaginal atrophy. Vulvovaginitis

144
Q

Deep dyspareunia? Causes

A

Infection, congenital abnormality (like separate vagina), endometriosis, interstitial cystitis

145
Q

Invx for dyspaerunia

A

Palpation of vulva and vaginal walls. See if reproduce pain.

146
Q

Diagnostic criteria for dysparuenia

A

Pain in penetration, difficulty with penetration, anticipatory anxiety and tighten pelvic floor.
(At least one)

147
Q

What is considered the best treatment option for dysparuenia (considering not a serious cause)

A

Pelvic floor excersizes and local desensitisation

148
Q

Good symptomatic management for dysparuenia

A

Topical analgesics 10 mins before sex

149
Q

what is the screening for ovarian cancer in BRCA? Is this the only screening for ovarian cancer?

A

Do US and CA125 annually. And do oophorectomy after 40. No other routine screening done

150
Q

First invx for ovarian cancer suspicion

A

US

151
Q

< 8cm Ovarian mass in premenopausal woman with benign signs. Mx

A

Close follow up (+-) Sx

152
Q

> 8cm Ovarian mass in premenopausal woman with CA signs. Mx

A

Sx

153
Q

When would you only observe a post menopausal woman with a ovarian mass. (consider size, markers, and one other aspect)… kyles rule of 5

A

If it’s <5cm, CA125 is normal, and is a5symp

154
Q

Ovarian cancer management

A

Hysterectomy and BSO. One rectory and paraarotic LN’ectomy

155
Q

Management of dermoid cyst

A

A mature teratoma should be removed due to risk of torsion

156
Q

Tumour markers for dysgerminomas

A

LDH

157
Q

Yolk sac tumour marker

A

AFP

158
Q

Tumour marker for granulosa cell tumours

A

Inhibin

159
Q

Signs and symptoms of a granulosa cell tumour

A

Precocious puberty or postmenapaual bleeding. Due to E. production

160
Q

Ages where dysgerminomas are seen

A

Adolescents and young adults

161
Q

Ages where yolk sac tumours are seen

A

Children and adolescents

162
Q

Ages where granulosa cell tumours are seen

A

50 year olds

163
Q

Gold standard to diagnose chlamydia STD

A

NAAT (PCR). Vaginal swab for women and first catch urine for men

164
Q

3 Abx choices for chlamydia

A

Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, Doxycycline (LAD)

165
Q

When treating Chlamydia… two other considerations ?

A

Treat partner. And give Azithromycin/ceftriaxone for gonorrhoea (unless ruled out)

166
Q

Treatment of choice for pregnant women with chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

167
Q

If patient positive for chlamydia, also test for?

A

HIV (and maybe other STDs)

168
Q

Recommend annual screening for chlamydia, indicated for?

A

Sexually active woman <24. Or woman older who have risk factors

169
Q

Two potential rheumatology complications of neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Arthritis dermatitis syndrome (polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, dermatitis). Purulent gonococal arthritis

170
Q

If gonorrhoea has disseminated, what two invx should be done

A

Arthrocentesis and blood culture

171
Q

Test to check for gonorrhea STD

A

NAAT

172
Q

1st line management for uncomplicated gonorrhoea

A

1 dose IM Ceftriaxone
Plus PO doxy if haven’t ruled out chlamydia (azithro if preg)

173
Q

Disseminated gonorrhoea Tx

A

IV Ceftriaxone every day for 7 days. Drain joints. Consider chlamydia too

174
Q

Diagnosis (invx) for trichomonas

A

Saline wet mount of vaginal smear. See motile trophozoites. Check pH of vaginal fluid also. If inconclusive, do culture

175
Q

Management of trichomonas vaginitis. If allergic to first line?

A

7 days Oral metronidazole. If allergic, desensitise, since there are no other treatments

176
Q

Diagnosis for syphilis

A

Serology

177
Q

Summary of serology for syphilis

A
178
Q

Non trep test false positives

A

Pregnancy, viral infection, SLE, drugs, rheumatic fever

179
Q

Use of non trep test.

A

Screening and used to monitor response to treatment. It is our RPR (detects anti cardiolipin)

180
Q

First line for syphilis treatment (1°, 2° or early latent).

A

Penicillin G, IM, one dose

181
Q

First line for syphilis treatment (late latent, tertiary).

A

Weekly IM penicillin G (for 3 weeks)

182
Q

Neuro syphilis treatment.

A

IV penicillin G for 10-14 days

183
Q

Syphilis treatment, but patient allergic to penicillin

A

Doxy or ceftriaxone

184
Q

Congenital syphilis treatment

A

10 day IV penicillin for newborn and mum

185
Q

Treatment for Jarisch Herxheimer

A

NSAID (consider meptazinol)

186
Q

Diagnosis for HSV STD

A

Clinical, plus Tzanck smear. Viral culture is more specific though.

187
Q

Management for HSV STD

A

Oral acyclovir

188
Q

Diagnosis of HPV.

A

Clinical inspection. Can add acetic acid (turns white.) see card on biopsy indication

189
Q

When is a biopsy warranted for HPV anogenital warts

A

Immunodeficiency, atypical features of wart (bleeds, pigmented etc.), refractory to treatment

190
Q

Management of HPV wart

A

Cryotherapy, or local 5FU, or salicylic acid. Unclear as to first line

191
Q

Management of numerous warts

A

Curettage, laser, electrocoagulation

192
Q

Amsels criteria for gardenerella

A
  1. Clue cells
  2. Fishy odour
  3. PH > 4.5
  4. Greyish Discharge

3/4 for Dx

193
Q

How to invx gardenerella

A

Wet mount and whiff test

194
Q

Asymptomatic gardenerella Mx

A

Reassure

195
Q

Symptomatic gardenerella Mx

A

Oral metronidazole

196
Q

Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis

A

KOH wet mount (pseudohyphae)

197
Q

Treatment for vaginal candidiasis

A

Topical azole or one dose oral fluconazole (if uncomplicated)

198
Q

Treatment for preg woman with vaginal candidiasis

A

Topical azole (not oral!!)

199
Q

First line for external genital warts

A

Imiquimod

200
Q

First line for internal genital warts

A

Cryotherapy

201
Q

Patient has endometriosis, What should actually be given before the COC P (according to Nice guidelines)

A

NSAIDs, see OCPs can be given after this

202
Q

3 first lines for premenstrual syndrome

A

OCP, NSAID, SSRI (more second)

203
Q

Patient does HPV test, which is positive. However cytology is negative. What do you do

A

Repeat smear in 12 months. If HPV is negative return to normal cycle. However if HPV is positive and histology is still normal, repeat in another 12 months. At the end of this if HPV is still positive colposcopy, if negative return to normal cycle

204
Q

Although CA125 should not be used for screening of ovarian cancer, can it be used in symptomatic patients

A

Yes, in a patient who has suspicious signs of ovarian cancer, CA125 is often done initially before the ultrasound

205
Q

Postmenopausal female has bleeding. Endometrial lining thickness was calculated using ultrasound and was increased. Next best step in investigation

A

Hysteroscopy and biopsy

206
Q

What may we see on TVUS in PID

A

Fluid in PoD

207
Q

PID treated… but fever not going… likely Dx?

A

TOA

208
Q

What can be done after PID to assess fertility?

A

second look lap

209
Q

Two main causes of AUB in teens

A

coag disorder, delayed menarche

210
Q

AUB in repro age vs post menopause

A

repro age: PCOS, fibroids, polyp, cervicle CA

menopause: endometrial CA

211
Q

at what cm and above do we consider a follicle a cyst?

A

above 3cm

212
Q

If endometrial polyp is less than 10mm and assymp…. what do we do

A

expectant

213
Q

The only effective treatment for large fibroids causing problems with fertility is what

A

myomectomy

214
Q

risk factors for vulva ca

A

HPV, VIN, Lichen sclerosis

215
Q

risk factors for vaginal ca

A

HPV, VaIN, Cervicle CA, STI, smoke

216
Q

risk factors for cervical ca

A

CIN, HPV, STI, smoke

217
Q

risk factors for endometrial ca

A

age, obese, pcos, lynch

218
Q

risk factors for ovarian ca

A

age, obese, brca

219
Q

risk factors for leiomyoma

A

age, high ldh

220
Q

lady has premature contractions between 23-34 weeks. 3 preventative messures for the fetuses health

A

MgSO4 (prevent cerebral palsy), weekly hydroxyprogesterone to bulk up cervix, CSs if risk of delivering in week

221
Q

General Tx for premature contractions

A

vaginal swabs (rule out infx), check cervical integrity, tocolysis, CSs 24 hours prior to delivery

222
Q

Sudden one sided pain, and US shows adnexal mass with non visible ovary…. Dx?

A

likely torsion

223
Q

If did laparoscopy for PID…. do what after to check for infertlity?

A

Tanos’s second look lap

Finals (11 decks)

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