gynae patho (incomplete, summarised version) Flashcards
Name some organisms commonly involved in female genital infections
Herpes
HPV
Molluscum congatiosum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Trichomonas
Candida
when do we do chromosomal analysis for spontaneous abortion?
- habitual or recurrent abortions (spontaneous sequential loss of 3 or more pre-viable pregnancies)
- malformed fetus
morphological features of adenomyosis (ectopic endometrial deposits in the myometrium)
sources of infection of placenta
what are the systemic morphological pathologies of toxemia of pregnancy
staging of choriocarcinoma
what are the different types of ovarian surface epithelial tumours + histology
what is adenomyosis
pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia
what are the malignant neoplasms of the vulvar
vulvar in-situ neoplasia (VIN)
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
paget’s disease of vulva
pathogenesis of complete hydatidiform mole (aka androgenetic mole)
what are the histologic features of endometrial carcinoma
what HPV serotypes are at higher risk for development of cervical cancer
key difference between complete and partial hydatidiform moles
what are sertoli-leydig cell tumours
rare mesenchymal tumour of low grade malignant potential which resembles embryonic testes
what are corpus luteal cysts
morphological features of granulosa cell tumour
- gross: large, focally cystic to solid
- histology:
yellow areas of lipid laden luteinised cells
follicular pattern (call-exner bodies)
cleaved, elongated nuclei (coffee bean)
strong positivity for inhibin
what is pelvic inflammatory disease
symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease
what are the complications of toxemia of pregnancy
modes of spread of malignant ovarian neoplasms
what is an adenomatoid tumour
what are the macroscopic forms of adenomyosis which may occur
- diffuse (more common): deposits are confined to inner part of myometrium; foci of endometrium often brownish in colour
- localised: resembling fibroid but with brownish foci
what is krukenberg tumour
what is a hydatiform mole
what is placenta previa
which are the different cells in the ovaries which ovarian neoplasms can arise from
what are the infertiliy investigations which can be conducted
- hormonal assay: gonotrophic, progesterone, estrogen
- endometrial sampling
- laproscopy of fallopian tube
- hysteroscopy of endometrial cavity
- hysterosalpingography: injection of dye to see patency
what is meig’s syndrome
what are endometrioid ovarian tumours
what are the predisposing factors to ectopic pregnancy
what are the consequences of abruptio placentae
symptoms and complications of endometrial leiomyomas
HPV features
what is an ectopic pregnancy
what are the non-neoplastic ovarian cysts
features of complex hyperplasia
what is pyosalpinx and symptoms and complications of pyosalpinx
what are the symptoms and complications of endometriosis
which are the histological types of sex cord/stromal tumours
- fibroma: stromal tumours with fibroblasts
- thecoma: stromal tumours with plump spindle cells with intracellular lipid droplets
what is toxemia of pregnancy
what are the symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy
when does toxemia of pregnancy usually occur
what are the acute placental changes in toxemia of pregnancy
what is an invasive mole
hydatiform mole in which hydropic villi invades the myometrium or blood vessels
Recall that invasive mole & choriocarcinoma are complications of hydatiform mole
what is a polycystic ovary
what are the complications of ectopic pregnancy
what is vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) caused by
what is a teratoma
a tumour composed of tissues representing 2-3 germ layers
histologic features of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour
cyst adenoma -> boderline tumour -> type I: low grade serous, mucinous, endometriod -> type II: high grade serous
morphologic features of clear cell ovarian adenocarcinomas
what are the risk factors for cervical neoplasia
PID commonly associated with ectopic/tubal pregnancy and infertility
what are the 2 groups of endometrial carcinoma
clinical features of ectopic pregnancy
how to differentiate between partial and complete hydatidiform mole
diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
what is placenta accreta
what is placenta accreta
progression of placenta accreta and potential complications
what predisposes a woman to the development of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the vagina
definition of spontaneous abortion
what is endometriosis
what are the complications of hydatidiform mole
