gymnosperms exam

Question 1

gymnosperm

Answer 1

sporophyte dominant

adaptations:
- seeds
- pollen
- ovules
- heterosporous (2 kinds spores)
- water not required for fertilization
- reduced male and female gametophytes.

Question 2

four types of gymnosperms

Answer 2

1. Cyca
2. Ginkgo
3. Gnetum
4. Conifers

Question 3

Cycadophyta

Answer 3

cycads

large cones
palm like leaves
contain flagelated sperm
mesozoic

Question 4

Ginkgophyta

Answer 4

flagelatted sperm
popular in cities
female trees have ovules that when fertilized and become seeds.
bad smell as they decay

Question 5

Gnetophyta

Answer 5

1. gnetum (africa, asia ,tropical)
2. ephedra (worldwide arid regions)
   used for anesthesia, allergies, hypotension
3. welwitschia (africa ,dessert)
   strap like leaves

video on weird looking plants

Question 6

Coniferophyta

Answer 6

largest phylum of gymnosperm
woody cones
fleshy cones
needle like leaves or scale like leaves

Question 7

advantages of reduced male and female gametophytes

Answer 7

in gymnosperms gametophytes develops within cones.

sporophyte dominated; gametophytes are microscopic and dependent.

gametophytes develop from spores retained within the sporangia of the sporophyte.

they are protected from environmental stress and receive nutrients from the parent sporophyte.

Question 8

seeds

Answer 8

seeds can disperse over long distances by wind or other means.

Question 9

pollen

Answer 9

protects male gametophytes (which produce sperm)

Question 10

ovules

Answer 10

protects female gametophytes (which produce eggs).

an ovule fertilized by pollen develops into a seed.

Question 11

heterospory

Answer 11

produce two types of spores; either male or female gametophytes.

1. female
   megasporangium on megasporophyll -
   megaspore -
   female gametopphyte -
   eggs
2. male
   microspornagium on microsporophyll-
   microspore-
   male gametophyte-
   sperm

Question 12

megasporophyll

Answer 12

• bears megasporania
• contains single function microspore
• always retained
  -responsible for female gametes

Question 13

microsporophyll

Answer 13

• bears microsporangia
• contains numerous microspores
• always shed
  responsible for male gametes

Question 14

spores develop within sporangia born on modified leaves called

Answer 14

sporophylls