exam 3 bryophytes

Question 1

moss

Answer 1

phylum bryophyta

• feathery look
• contain protonema
• contain hyrdroids and leptoids
• commonly found in moist forests and wet lands. but can also survive in extreme environments.
• has stomata

reproduce: spores are dispersed by wind

example: peat moss (most important moss to humans) , true mosses

Question 2

liverwort

Answer 2

phylum Hepatophyta

small, flat thalli or leafy structures

NO stomata instead uses pores

example: Marchantia

Question 3

hornwort

Answer 3

phylum anthocerophyta

• produce a flat, lobed thallus from the germinating spore.
• horn-shaped sporophyte structures
• lack true leaves or stems.
• has stomata
• commonly found in damp, shaded habitats such as moist soils, stream banks, and forest floors.

example: Anthocerotophyta

Question 4

bryophytes

Answer 4

include liverwort, hornwort and mosses

traits include:
- non vascular (lack xylem and phloem)

• reproduce sexually and asexually (brood bodies)
• not tall they stay around forest floors

Question 5

antheridia

Answer 5

produces many sperm and release them into environment

MALE

Question 6

archegonia

Answer 6

produce a single nonmotile egg retained within the bulbous part of the organ

FEMALE

Question 7

archegonium

Answer 7

where the egg is fertilized and zygote develops into an embryo

Question 8

apical meristems

Answer 8

regions at growing tips of plant.
one or more cells divide repeatedly

apical meristems of shoots also generate leaves in most plants.

Question 9

cuticle

Answer 9

1. acts as a waterproof - helps prevents excessive water loss from the above ground plant organs.
2. provides protection from microbial attack

Question 10

stomata

Answer 10

specialized pores that support photosynthesis.

allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the outside air and the plant

Question 11

rhizoids

Answer 11

long tubular single cells.
thin “root- like” structures

function: anchor gametophytes (moss)

NOT composed of tissues and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.

Question 12

gemmae

Answer 12

haploid cells (n)

often formed in structures called gemma cups

“bud like” - capable of developing into a new individual

used in asexual reproduction; usually dispersed from the parent plant by the splashing of raindrops, after which they develop into new individuals.

Question 13

early land plants lack roots and leaves. How did they absorb nutrients?

Answer 13

fossils suggest that adaptation may have aided early land plants in nutrient uptake. Plants formed a symbiotic relationship with fungi.

Mycorrhizal fungi form extensive networks of filaments through the soil and transfer nutrients to their symbiotic plant partner.

Question 14

protonema

Answer 14

developed from a spore

function: enhances absorption of water and minerals.

produce bud-like growths called
which grow into mature gametophyte.

large surface area

Question 15

gametophyte

Answer 15

multicellular haploid cell.

can form multiple gametangia

dominant stage of life cycle

larger and longer living than sporophyte.

Question 16

sporophyte

Answer 16

multicellular diploid cell.

undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores.

is made of a short stalk and a capsule or sporangium inside which meiospores are formed.

present only part of the time

Question 17

gametophore

Answer 17

gamete producing structure

generated from apical meristems within bud like growths

Question 18

life cycle of moss

Answer 18

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Question 19

life cycle of

Question 20

capsule

Answer 20

produces spores by meiosis

Question 21

evolutionary traits of bryophytes

Answer 21

• thin structure of bryophyte organs make it possible to distribute materials for short distances without specialized tissues.

-

Question 22

spores

Answer 22

haploid reproductive cells that can grow into multicellular haploid gametophytes by mitosis

Question 23

sporpollenin

Answer 23

makes walls of plant spores tough and resistant to harsh envirnoments

Question 24

sporangia

Answer 24

produce spores

Question 25

gametangia

Answer 25

produces gametes

Question 26

What happens with the meiospores after they are freed from the sporangium and dispersed by air currents?

Answer 26

They will germinate and produce new gametophytes

Question 27

From what group of organisms are the bryophytes believed to have evolved?

Answer 27

green algae

Question 28

The diploid sporophyte of liverworts and mosses consists of a ______, which is attached to a stalk-like _______. The seta connects the foot to the spore producing organ called the __________ or __________.

Answer 28

foot, seta (stalk), capsule (sporangium)

Question 29

hydroids

Answer 29

conduct water and minerals
similar to xylem in vascular plants

Question 30

leptoids

Answer 30

conduct sugars
resemble phloem in vascular plants

Question 31

meiospore

Answer 31

spores produced through meiosis

Question 32

body of a moss gametophyte

Answer 32

protonema + one or more gametophores

Question 33

Peat moss ecological relevance

Answer 33

1. pioneer species - they form after a volcano explosion
2. reduce flooding and erosion due to retaining moisture.
3. antiseptic properties
4. accumulate minerals and organic matter used by other organisms
5. used for fuel
6. soil conditioner

Question 34

Meiospores that contain sporopollenin

Answer 34

this substance allows the spores to survive in harsh environments.

It prevents decay and dehydration.

Think this is like a seed but not as sophisticated.