exam 2 : Algae Flashcards
green algae
unicellular and multicellular
found in moist and aquatic environments.
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
Green algae also have cell walls containing cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins.
Green algae storage is : in starch inside the chloroplasts.
brown algae
multicellular
found in cold, shallow marine environments.
has three photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin.
storage molecule for energy is laminarin.
Algin and cellulose can be found in their cell walls.
undergo sporic meiosis
examples: seaweeds, kelp
red algae
multicellular
found in warmer, deeper marine environments. can survive extreme enviroments
pigments: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll d and phycobillins (gives its red color).
The phycobilin pigments contribute to the ability to photosynthesize because, they absorb green and blue green light found only in deeper ocean regions.
storage chemical for energy is Floridean starch. (similar to glycogen)
Galactans and calcium deposits can be found in the cellulose in the cell wall.
People eat red algae because, it contains significant amounts of vitamin A, B12, C, D, calcium, and iodine.
it can be found as a snack called nori and in popular Japanese dishes such as ramen and sushi.
unicellular algae
example: Chlamydomonas
multicellular algae
example: coleochaete
band formation
stomata
the pores that facilitates gas exchange between the outside air and internal plant tissues.
mycorrihizae
a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi
cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria are the ancestor of all algae.
unicellular
photosynthetic
live in a variety of environments including fresh water, pools, oceans, and ditches.
However, cyanobacteria cannot be found acidic water.
Cyanobacteria are special because they are the only non-eukaryotic type of algae.
DO NOT have chloroplasts.
Cyanobacteria have the ability to fix nitrogen from their environments and were important in supplying the early earth’s atmosphere with oxygen.
Genes for oxygen related photosynthesis were evolved by eukaryotes through the endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria
What are dinoflagellates
- Protists
- Marine and freshwater phytoplankton
- They produce toxic or bioluminescent to prevent predation. (red tide)
- Have a unique shape due to theca
They eat in 2 ways :
- no photosynthesize ingesting food / particles / organic compounds.
- photosynthesize - using chlorophyll a and c or plastids from green/blue algae
Are plants more closely related to algae or to fungal species?
Plants are more closely related to algae because,
both plants and algae have chlorophyll and use photosynthesis to make their food.
Plants share similar sequences in their nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Plants also share the structure of the flagellated sperms.
Their cellulose synthesizing membrane proteins arrange in rings in both algae and plant species.
The text explains that charophytes a type of algae are the closest living relatives of plants.
What is the theca made out of?
still cellulose plates
What are diatoms?
- unicellular
- found in fresh / salt water , damp clifs and tree bark
- contain chlorophyll a , c1, c2 and fucoxanthin
- stores food laminarin
- contains frustules: (2 part cell wall)
What are frustules made out of?
polymerized opaline silica
What are features that make a land plant?
- cell wall made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
- starch in plastids
- chlorophyll a and b
- sporopollenin precursors
- cuticle precursors
- phragmoplast- forms during cell division
