exam 4: lycocytes and fern

Question 1

ferns

Question 2

lycophytes

Question 3

The four Phyla of Seedless Vascular Plants

Answer 3

Phylum Psilotophyta
(whisk ferns –> Psilotum)

Phylum Lycophyta
(club mosses and quillworts –> Selaginella)

Phylum Equisetophyta
(horsetails and scouring rushes –> Equisetum)

Phylum Polypodiophyta (ferns)

Question 4

two types of leaves in lycophtes

Answer 4

megaphylls and microphylls

Question 5

megaphylls

Answer 5

leaves are branched and have veins

Question 6

microphylls

Answer 6

small leaves with one strand of vascular tissue

flat leaf like structures

Question 7

Strobili

Answer 7

where the megaspores and microspores are produced

Question 8

heterosporus

Answer 8

describes a species that have two types of sporophylls.

Megasporangia (female) + Microsporangia (male)

Most seed plants are homosporous.

Question 9

homosporous

Answer 9

describes a species that has only one type of sporophyll.

The sporophyll bears one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore.

Most seedless vascular plants are homosporous.

Question 10

Microsporophylls

Answer 10

(in selaginella)
bear microsporangia containing microsporocytes, producing tiny microspores.

Microspore becomes MALE gametophyte; consisting of an antheridium within microspore wall.

Question 11

Megasporophylls

Answer 11

(in selaginella)
bear megasporangia containing megasporocytes, producing 4 large megaspores.

Megaspore develops into FEMALE gametophyte ; consisting of many cells inside megaspore.

Several archegonia produced where spore wall ruptures.

Question 12

selaginella

Answer 12

Produce two different kinds of gametophytes = (heterospory)

Question 13

roots

Answer 13

organs that anchor the plant and aborb water and nutrients from enviroment.

Question 14

stems

Question 15

leaves

Answer 15

photosynthetic organs in vascular plants.

Question 16

two clades of seedless vascular plants

Answer 16

1. lycophytes - club mosses, spikemosses, quillworts
2. monilophytes- ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns

Question 17

Epidermal tissue

Question 18

Vascular tissue

Answer 18

conducts water and materials to different parts of the plant body . Includes both xylem and phloem.

Question 19

Ground tissue

Question 20

xylem

Answer 20

conducts most of the water and minerals.

is made from tracheids which are tube like cells that carry water through the plant body.

Question 21

Phloem

Answer 21

transports organic nutrients.

Phloem is made from tube like cells that distribute organic products such as amino acids and sugars

Question 22

Protostele

Question 23

Eusporangia

Question 23

Leptosporangia

Question 24

seedless vascular plants

Answer 24

origin 385 millions years ago

growth contributed to the global cooling during the carboniferous period

examples: lycophytes
(club mosses, spikemosses and quillworts)
and ferns

Question 25

seed plants

Answer 25

origin 360 million years ago

traits:
contains seeds
reduced gametophytes
heterospory
ovules
pollen

examples: gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 26

vascular plants traits

Answer 26

dominant sporophyte life cycle

vascular tissue

well developed roots, leaves and sporophylls.