Gunnery Test Flashcards by Joe L

The real time accurate knowledge of ones own location and orientation, as well as the location of friendly forces, enemy forces, and non-combatants. It includes awareness of METT-T conditions that affect the operation

Situational awareness

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What are the frequent situational awareness breakdown categories?

Direct fire control, Nav, reporting, crosstalk, battle tracking, and weapons errors

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What are the negative affects of fratricide? Hesitation to conduct___, loss of ___, increase in leader___, hesitation to use____, over supervision of___, loss of ____, loss of ___, disrupted ___, needless loss of__, general degradation of ____

Limited vis ops
Confidence in unit leadership
Self doubt
Supporting combat systems
Units
Initiative
Aggressiveness during fire and maneuver
Operations
Combat power
Cohesion and morale

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What types of control measures may be employed to prevent fratricide?

Direct fire weapon control measures, indirect fire control measures, rehearsals, graphics, and ROC-V

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___ problems can cause units to stray out of sector, report wrong location…..

Navigation

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___training focuses on collective situational awareness, particularly at___. It includes….

Crew
Night

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If several projectiles are fired from the same weapon with the same elevation and deflection settings the individual points of impact will be scattered around the aim point, this is called?

Dispersion

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The altitude from which the projectile is fired and range to target determines_____

Impact and fragmentation pattern

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Fragmentation pattern length _____ with high angle impacts.

Decreases

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What are the interior ballistics? (BPPLT)

Barrel wear, propellant charges, projectile weight, launcher tube and rocket pod alignment, and thrust misalignment

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What are the exterior ballistics? (PAGYW)

Air resistance, gravity, yaw, projectile drift, and wind drift

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What are the aerial ballistics? (RATPCRTPP)

Rotor down wash, angular rate, turning bank, propellant force, center of gravity, relative wind effect, trajectory shift, port starboard effect, and projectile jump.

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What are terminal ballistics? (BHF influenced by FWIS)

Blast, head, and fragmentation influenced by fuze and warhead functioning, impact angle, and surface conditions

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Max effective range: distance at which there is a ____ probability of both_____&___.

50%
Hitting and defeating a target

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Definition of ballistics? The science of___

Projectile motion and conditions that affect that motion

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4 types of ballistics?

Interior, exterior, aerial, and terminal

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What interior ballistics characteristics can the aircrew compensate for?

They cannot compensate for interior ballistics when firing free flight projectiles

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What is the cause of the greatest error for free flight rockets?

Inherent thrust misalignment

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Which exterior ballistic is not compensated for by the WP/MP?

Yaw

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What exterior ballistic causes clockwise spinning of projectile and movement to the right?

Projectile drift

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Why is the aerial rocket system more accurate when fired from OGE vs IGE?

Greater dispersion at IGE because a/c cannot apply appropriate downwash compensation due to random induced flow patterns.

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What is angular rate error and how compensate?

Error induced by pitch, roll and yaw of the launch platform as projectile leaves weapon. Compensate for with stable platform.

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What are the aerial ballistic characteristics affecting fin stabilized projectiles?

Propellant force, CG, and relative wind

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What causes a rocket to seek into a crosswind or impact past the target when fired during an accelerative climb?

Relative wind effect

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Projectile jump occurs when___. When does the jump occur?

A crew fires a weapon from an a/c in flight and the weapons muzzle is pointed in any direction other than into the relative wind. It occurs when the projectile experiences an initial yaw as it leaves the muzzle. The jump occurs due to the precession (change in axis of rotation) induced by crosswind and is proportional to projectiles initial yaw.

Is projectile jump compensated by WP/MP?

What determines amount of lead required when firing off axis L or R? (AARP)

A/C A/S, Angle of deflection, range (tgt), projectile velocity

When Projectile drift and trajectory shift combine with each other?

Port starboard effect

3 factors that that affect dispersion discussed in conjunction with terminal ballistics?

Vibration, sights, and boresights

An additional type of fragmentation produced by target structure itself?

Spall

At approximately ____ kts IAS, the influence vector is moved just aft of the rocket launcher bulkhead, thus reducing downwash to ___

33 kts Zero

With the ____ selected sight, lead angle compensation is not computed or added to the gun turret or rocket pylon position, not is the target state estimator employed

IHADSS

What is gunners triangle? (THRS)

Tgt ID, HDG, RNG, Store

What are the 2 types of fire?

Direct and indirect

5 modes of fire per TC 3-04.3? (HMRD RD)

Hover, Moving, running, diving, and running diving

5 techniques of fire IAW D-ATM? (HRDLowDR)

Hover, running, diving, low alt bump, diving/running

Running fire performed at A/s ___ will offer a mix of _____

Above ETL A/C survival and weapons accuracy

What are the inherent advantages of diving fire? (Decrease, increase, smaller)

Decreased vulnerability to small arms, increased accuracy, and smaller beaten zone.

Low altitude bump maximizes benefits of running and diving fire: low altitude run in with a ______ ft bump about ______ m prior to TGT

300-1,000 ft bump 1.5-2K

4 Ts

TGT, TRQ, TRM, TGT

Techniques for applying burst on tgt include? (RML)

Recognition (ky wind), MIL Rad, and LZR

3 types of pull off per the ATM?

Descending, level, and climbing

What is the purpose of a pull off?

It is employed to enable the AH the safest possible departure from the TGT area.

What are the benefits of bump technique?

Maximizes advantage of running and diving fire

Describe MIL-relationship method of burst TGT engagement. (Fire, sense, using, make, continue)

Fire a burst at tgt Sense the impact of the rounds measure distance between point of impact and tgt, Using the known mail radian values determine weapon impact distance from tgt in range and deflection, Make appropriate change in range azimuth and adjust desired point of impact (DMPI), Continue engagement.

Why is TGT fixation a problem?

TGT fixation may cause the pilot to fly the a/c into the ground.

What firing technique is used in a medium to high threat environment?

Bump technique

Neutralization knocks out a tgt_____

Temporarily

Fragmentation effects can be expected from M789 HEDP 30mm round within _____ radius.

4 meter

What are the visual markings of M789 30 MM HEDP? Black and yellow!!

Black with yellow band

What are the visual makings of M788 30 mm TP round?

Blue with white stripes.

Aiming of the hellfire missies is based on a ____ acceleration and occurs ______ meters after launch (legacy and enhance)

10g Legacy 150-300 Enhance 375-500

During running rocket fire align the helo into firing constraints with the ______ while maintaining____

Cyclic Trim

When rockets are selected in the FXD mode the pylons are commanded to the fixed position of ______

3.48 degrees

The bursting radius of the M151 HD “10lber” is ____ and can produce a lethality radius in excess of_____

10m 50m

M789 HEDP can penetrate in excess of ____ of RHA at ____

2in of RHA at 2.5k

If your fire a burst of 30mm at a tgt, which misses left 10m, you then adjust your light of sight right…

Recognition method (ky windage)

Airspeed over _____ eliminates rotor downwash error

33 kts

When conducting AWS harmonization the tgt should be located ______ in from of a/c

500-1500m

What is the capacity of the 30mm ammo handling system?

1,200 rds max

30 mm gun turret azm and elev limits, opp crew not actioned on Grnd.

- 86 deg L/R of a/c center line - +9 deg w/in 10 deg L/R a/c centerline - +11 deg from 10 deg L/R of a/c centerline to 86 deg L/R of depression - -6.45 deg within 86 deg L/R of a/c centerline

Gun duty cycle: ____ rd bursts with ___ between bursts, followed by a ____ cooling period. Burst settings other than___ the duty cycle can be generalized to mean that no more than ____ are fired within ____ before allowing gun to cool for _____ after which cycle may be repeated.

6x 50 rd bursts 5 sec 10 min 50 300 rds 60 sec 10 min

Gun duty cycle warning: if ____ have been fired in the preceding ___ and a stoppage occurs, personnel must remain ______. A/c crew should remain in the a/c and continue positive gun cntrl.

300 or more rds. 10 min Clear of a/c for 30 min

Gun duty cycle warning: failure to adhere to the published gun duty cycle may result in__________

Catastrophic failure, loss of a/c, injury, or death

Software limits of 30 mm is?

4,200 m

In the event of a power loss the gun is spring driven to____ elevation to prevent _____ into ground during landing.

+11 deg Digging

The M789 30 mm rd is a ____ rd and will penetrate more than ____ of RHA (____) at ____m

High explosive 2 in Rolled homogenous armor 2,500 m