Guidance Flashcards
Visual guidance
This is a demonstration of the required task
- its for beginners
- it forms a mental picture or image
- it may be a video, chart or book
- it shows what the result should be
- it can be used to highlight a weakness
What are the problems associated with visual guidance
- too much information given at once
- the demonstration must be accurate
- the performer might not be capable of matching the demonstration
Verbal guidance
This is an explanation of the techniques required for performing the task
-Used in conjunction with visual guidance, helps form an image of the skill in the memory
-Tactics can be explained to more advanced performers
-It can be used with conditioning and fitness
-It has direct relevance
-Feedback can be given verbally and immediately
What are the problems associated with verbal guidance?
-too much information might overload the short-term memory
-The performer might lose concentration
-The language could be too complex
Manual guidance
This involves physical support such as holding a gymnast on a vault or during a headstand. It can involve a type of forced response such as when the coach holds the arm of a tennis player to help her learn the movement of a forehand stroke.
-It’s useful to eliminate danger
-It builds confidence
-It reduces fear and anxiety
-It gives an early feel and develops early kinaesthesias
-It can help a complex movement into parts
What are the problems associated with manual guidance?
-The performer may become dependent on the support
-If used too much it can interfere with kinaesthesias
-The proximity of the coach might be upsetting
-An incorrect feel of the skill could result in bad habits
Mechanical guidance
This is a device used to help performance such as a armband in swimming or a harness on the trampoline
Advantages of mechanical guidance
-It builds confidence
-It eliminates danger
-It gives an early feel for the whole skill
-It can be used with disabled athletes
What are the problems associated with mechanical guidance?
-If use too much it will interfere with kinaesthesias
-The performer might depend on it too much
-Motivation could be lost if the performer thinks he is not performing the skill himself
-Incorrect intrinsic feedback encourages bad habits
How can technology be used to enhance guidance
Technology plays a crucial role in underpinning guidance methods to optimize performance by improving the measurement, monitoring, and evaluation of an athlete’s skills and technique. The four main types of guidance—visual, verbal, manual, and mechanical—can all be enhanced with technology.
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- Visual Guidance (Technology for Demonstration & Analysis)
Technology improves visual guidance by providing accurate movement feedback, helping athletes refine technique.
Technology Used:
• Video Analysis Software (e.g., Hudl, Dartfish, Coach’s Eye) – Allows athletes to record and break down their performance using slow-motion replay and biomechanical overlays.
• Motion Capture Systems (e.g., Vicon, Xsens) – Tracks body movements in 3D to assess posture, alignment, and technique.
• Virtual Reality (VR) Training (e.g., Strivr, Sense Arena) – Simulates real sporting environments for situational decision-making practice.
Example:
A long jumper uses Dartfish to compare their take-off angle to an elite athlete, identifying technical flaws and adjusting their approach to improve distance.
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- Verbal Guidance (Technology for Real-Time Coaching & Feedback)
Technology allows for instant, precise communication, making coaching more effective.
Technology Used:
• AI Coaching Assistants (e.g., HomeCourt, OnForm) – Provide AI-generated feedback on movement and technique.
• Wireless Communication Systems (e.g., Earpieces, Bluetooth Headsets) – Allow coaches to give verbal feedback during training.
• Live Streaming & Online Coaching Platforms (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams, YouTube Tutorials) – Enable remote coaching with real-time feedback.
Example:
A cycling coach uses an earpiece system to provide immediate tactical instructions to a cyclist during a time trial, helping them adjust their pacing strategy.
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- Manual Guidance (Technology for Assisted Movement & Learning)
Technology enhances manual guidance by physically supporting athletes in executing correct movement patterns.
Technology Used:
• Haptic Feedback Devices (e.g., TESLASUIT, Vibrating Sensors) – Provide subtle resistance or vibrations to guide correct movements.
• Rehabilitation Exoskeletons (e.g., Ekso Bionics, ReWalk) – Assist injured athletes in retraining movement mechanics.
Example:
A golfer wears a haptic feedback vest that vibrates when their swing deviates from the optimal path, reinforcing correct muscle memory.
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- Mechanical Guidance (Technology for Skill Development & Assistance)
Mechanical guidance is enhanced by technology-based equipment that supports learning and skill execution.
Technology Used:
• Smart Training Equipment (e.g., Tennis Ball Machines, Cricket Bowling Machines, Basketball Shooting Machines) – Allows repetitive skill practice with controlled conditions.
• Wearable Motion Sensors (e.g., Catapult, Fitbit, Garmin, WHOOP) – Measure movement efficiency, force application, and balance.
• Force Plates & Pressure Sensors (e.g., Kistler Force Plates, Gait Analysis Systems) – Analyze foot pressure and balance for sports like sprinting and gymnastics.
Example:
A sprinter uses force plates to analyze their push-off power in the starting blocks, optimizing their acceleration phase.
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Using Technology to Measure, Monitor, and Evaluate Performance
- Measuring Performance (Data Collection & Assessment)
• GPS Trackers (e.g., STATSports, Catapult GPS) – Measure an athlete’s speed, distance covered, and workload in real-time.
• Heart Rate Monitors & VO2 Max Testing (e.g., Polar, Garmin, VO2 Master) – Track cardiovascular endurance and aerobic capacity.
• Biomechanical Analysis (e.g., Optojump, Kinovea) – Measures stride length, ground contact time, and muscle activation.
Example:
A football team uses GPS vests to track player movement, helping coaches analyze work rate and positioning.
⸻
- Monitoring Performance (Real-Time Feedback & Adaptation)
• Smart Wearables (e.g., WHOOP, Oura Ring, Zepp Tennis Sensor) – Monitor fatigue, recovery time, and muscle load.
• Blood Lactate Analyzers (e.g., Lactate Scout, EKF Biosen) – Measure lactate threshold to assess endurance performance.
• Live Biometric Feedback (e.g., EMG Sensors, Myontec MBody Shorts) – Monitors muscle activation to prevent overuse injuries.
Example:
A marathon runner uses a lactate analyzer to determine their optimal race pace based on real-time fatigue levels.
⸻
- Evaluating Performance (Post-Training & Long-Term Analysis)
• Performance Dashboards (e.g., Tableau, Hudl Sportscode, SAP Sports One) – Aggregate athlete data for detailed review.
• AI-Driven Performance Predictions (e.g., IBM Watson AI, Zone7) – Analyzes trends to predict injuries and optimize training loads.
• Sleep & Recovery Analysis (e.g., Oura, WHOOP, Fitbit Sleep Tracking) – Evaluates recovery quality for peak performance.
Example:
A basketball team uses AI-driven analytics to predict which players need rest, reducing injury risk and improving game performance.
⸻
Conclusion
Technology enhances guidance by providing accurate measurement, real-time monitoring, and detailed evaluation of performance. It ensures that athletes receive data-driven feedback, allowing them to refine their techniques, track progress, and optimize their training for maximum improvement.
By integrating technology into visual, verbal, manual, and mechanical guidance, athletes can learn more effectively, prevent injuries, and achieve peak performance in their sport.
Technology plays a crucial role in underpinning guidance methods to optimize performance by improving the measurement, monitoring, and evaluation of an athlete’s skills and technique. The four main types of guidance—visual, verbal, manual, and mechanical—can all be enhanced with technology.
⸻
- Visual Guidance (Technology for Demonstration & Analysis)
Technology improves visual guidance by providing accurate movement feedback, helping athletes refine technique.
Technology Used:
• Video Analysis Software (e.g., Hudl, Dartfish, Coach’s Eye) – Allows athletes to record and break down their performance using slow-motion replay and biomechanical overlays.
• Motion Capture Systems (e.g., Vicon, Xsens) – Tracks body movements in 3D to assess posture, alignment, and technique.
• Virtual Reality (VR) Training (e.g., Strivr, Sense Arena) – Simulates real sporting environments for situational decision-making practice.
Example:
A long jumper uses Dartfish to compare their take-off angle to an elite athlete, identifying technical flaws and adjusting their approach to improve distance.
⸻
- Verbal Guidance (Technology for Real-Time Coaching & Feedback)
Technology allows for instant, precise communication, making coaching more effective.
Technology Used:
• AI Coaching Assistants (e.g., HomeCourt, OnForm) – Provide AI-generated feedback on movement and technique.
• Wireless Communication Systems (e.g., Earpieces, Bluetooth Headsets) – Allow coaches to give verbal feedback during training.
• Live Streaming & Online Coaching Platforms (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams, YouTube Tutorials) – Enable remote coaching with real-time feedback.
Example:
A cycling coach uses an earpiece system to provide immediate tactical instructions to a cyclist during a time trial, helping them adjust their pacing strategy.
⸻
- Manual Guidance (Technology for Assisted Movement & Learning)
Technology enhances manual guidance by physically supporting athletes in executing correct movement patterns.
Technology Used:
• Haptic Feedback Devices (e.g., TESLASUIT, Vibrating Sensors) – Provide subtle resistance or vibrations to guide correct movements.
• Rehabilitation Exoskeletons (e.g., Ekso Bionics, ReWalk) – Assist injured athletes in retraining movement mechanics.
Example:
A golfer wears a haptic feedback vest that vibrates when their swing deviates from the optimal path, reinforcing correct muscle memory.
⸻
- Mechanical Guidance (Technology for Skill Development & Assistance)
Mechanical guidance is enhanced by technology-based equipment that supports learning and skill execution.
Technology Used:
• Smart Training Equipment (e.g., Tennis Ball Machines, Cricket Bowling Machines, Basketball Shooting Machines) – Allows repetitive skill practice with controlled conditions.
• Wearable Motion Sensors (e.g., Catapult, Fitbit, Garmin, WHOOP) – Measure movement efficiency, force application, and balance.
• Force Plates & Pressure Sensors (e.g., Kistler Force Plates, Gait Analysis Systems) – Analyze foot pressure and balance for sports like sprinting and gymnastics.
Example:
A sprinter uses force plates to analyze their push-off power in the starting blocks, optimizing their acceleration phase.
⸻
Using Technology to Measure, Monitor, and Evaluate Performance
- Measuring Performance (Data Collection & Assessment)
• GPS Trackers (e.g., STATSports, Catapult GPS) – Measure an athlete’s speed, distance covered, and workload in real-time.
• Heart Rate Monitors & VO2 Max Testing (e.g., Polar, Garmin, VO2 Master) – Track cardiovascular endurance and aerobic capacity.
• Biomechanical Analysis (e.g., Optojump, Kinovea) – Measures stride length, ground contact time, and muscle activation.
Example:
A football team uses GPS vests to track player movement, helping coaches analyze work rate and positioning.
⸻
- Monitoring Performance (Real-Time Feedback & Adaptation)
• Smart Wearables (e.g., WHOOP, Oura Ring, Zepp Tennis Sensor) – Monitor fatigue, recovery time, and muscle load.
• Blood Lactate Analyzers (e.g., Lactate Scout, EKF Biosen) – Measure lactate threshold to assess endurance performance.
• Live Biometric Feedback (e.g., EMG Sensors, Myontec MBody Shorts) – Monitors muscle activation to prevent overuse injuries.
Example:
A marathon runner uses a lactate analyzer to determine their optimal race pace based on real-time fatigue levels.
⸻
- Evaluating Performance (Post-Training & Long-Term Analysis)
• Performance Dashboards (e.g., Tableau, Hudl Sportscode, SAP Sports One) – Aggregate athlete data for detailed review.
• AI-Driven Performance Predictions (e.g., IBM Watson AI, Zone7) – Analyzes trends to predict injuries and optimize training loads.
• Sleep & Recovery Analysis (e.g., Oura, WHOOP, Fitbit Sleep Tracking) – Evaluates recovery quality for peak performance.
Example:
A basketball team uses AI-driven analytics to predict which players need rest, reducing injury risk and improving game performance.
⸻
Conclusion
Technology enhances guidance by providing accurate measurement, real-time monitoring, and detailed evaluation of performance. It ensures that athletes receive data-driven feedback, allowing them to refine their techniques, track progress, and optimize their training for maximum improvement.
By integrating technology into visual, verbal, manual, and mechanical guidance, athletes can learn more effectively, prevent injuries, and achieve peak performance in their sport.
