GSM 1: Introduction to Voice Flashcards
Von Leden’s 4 periods in the study of voice
- fictious/folklore stage
- metaphysical stage
- traditional stage
- realistic stage
- fictious/folklore stage
- natural phenomena such as the voice were explained as being magical, religious, or supernatural
- physicians were considered religious figures, and disorders of the throat and voice were treated using folk remedies or via religious ceremony
- metaphysical stage
- our knowledge about the throat and voice was based partly on observation but mainly on speculation
- doctors took the role of philosophers
- traditional stage
- occurred concurrently with the Dark Ages
- the Dark Ages/traditional stage was a period of artistic and intellectual stagnation
- realistic stage
- knowledge was based on observation and experimentation, medicine (including the study of the throat and voice) became science
- it continues to this day
2 books for SLPs on the study of voice
- The Rehabilitation of Speech
- Speech Correction: Principles and Methods
The Rehabilitation of Speech was written by
West, Kennedy, and Carr
The Rehabilitation of Speech concentrated on
- organic disorder (physical cause)
- when there are problems related to the voice laryngeal dysfunction, there is always a reason
- if properly studied, that reason will be discovered
Speech Correction: Principles and Methods was written by
Charles Van Riper
Speech Correction: Principles and Methods was the
first to classify voice by disorders of pitch, loudness, and quality
5 functional aspects of the normal voice
- must be loud enough to be heard
- must be produced in a manner that does not produce vocal trauma and thus, laryngeal lesions
- should be pleasant to listen to and have a pleasing quality
- should be flexible enough to express emotion
- should represent the speaker well in terms of age and gender
voice disorder
any deviation or aberration in a person’s pitch, loudness, quality, or other basic vocal attribute which consistently does the following
voice disorder is any deviation or aberration in a person’s pitch, loudness, quality, or other basic vocal attribute which consistently does the following…
- interferes with communication
- draws unfavorable attention to itself and/or the individual
- adversely affects the speaker or listener
- does not represent the speaker in terms of age, culture, or gender identity
voice disorders of phonation
disorders of the voice resulting primarily from action of the vfs causing a voice quality that is unsuitable
characteristics consistently demonstrated by voice disorders of phonation
- directly related to vf vibration
- dysphonia
- aphonia
dysphonia
something is wrong, but this does not tell you what is wrong
aphonia
complete lack of voice
voice disorders of resonance
dysfunction in cuppling or uncuppling of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and/or pharynx which affects the quality of the voice
characteristics consistently demonstrated by voice disorders of resonance
- hyper nasality
- hypo nasality
- cul-de-sac resonance
- require surgical intervention and cannot typically be worked on behaviorallt
cul-de-sac resonance
the air gets where it’s supposed to go, but it doesn’t come out the way it’s supposed to
incidence of voice disorders
reasons the incidence of voice disorders is difficult to determine
different criteria for voice problems, voice disorders are being diagnosed with increased frequency
- SLP’s understanding voice disorders more
- improved equipment
- more specialty clinics devoted to voice disorders
reflects only individuals examined for a voice problem
- to be counted as a voice disorder, you must be diagnosed
- this means that some people with voice disorders aren’t always treated
- evaluation of the voice is always slightly objective to the listener
incidence of voice disorder in the US
3%-9%
voice disorders: elderly vs. rest of population
- elderly represent 12%-35% of all voice disorders
- decline in motor speech as a result of neurological deficits
voice disorders: children (males vs. females)
- boys are more likely to have a voice disorder than girls
- lifestyle, play, video games
- slowly changing due to fading gender stereotypes
voice disorders: adults (males vs. females)
- females are more likely to have a voice disorder than males
- professions, social life, society roles
- anatomical factor (the female vfs are different than male vfs)
most common type of voice disorder
occupational voice disorders
effects of occupational voice disorders
- loss of 2.5 trillion dollars in the US due to voice disorders
- work, insurance, loss of productivity
- at least 25% of the US workforce has a job in which
