GSM 1: Introduction to Voice

Question 1

Von Leden’s 4 periods in the study of voice

Answer 1

1. fictious/folklore stage
2. metaphysical stage
3. traditional stage
4. realistic stage

Question 2

1. fictious/folklore stage

Answer 2

• natural phenomena such as the voice were explained as being magical, religious, or supernatural
• physicians were considered religious figures, and disorders of the throat and voice were treated using folk remedies or via religious ceremony

Question 3

2. metaphysical stage

Answer 3

• our knowledge about the throat and voice was based partly on observation but mainly on speculation
• doctors took the role of philosophers

Question 4

3. traditional stage

Answer 4

• occurred concurrently with the Dark Ages
• the Dark Ages/traditional stage was a period of artistic and intellectual stagnation

Question 5

4. realistic stage

Answer 5

• knowledge was based on observation and experimentation, medicine (including the study of the throat and voice) became science
• it continues to this day

Question 6

2 books for SLPs on the study of voice

Answer 6

1. The Rehabilitation of Speech
2. Speech Correction: Principles and Methods

Question 7

The Rehabilitation of Speech was written by

Answer 7

West, Kennedy, and Carr

Question 8

The Rehabilitation of Speech concentrated on

Answer 8

• organic disorder (physical cause)
• when there are problems related to the voice laryngeal dysfunction, there is always a reason
• if properly studied, that reason will be discovered

Question 9

Speech Correction: Principles and Methods was written by

Answer 9

Charles Van Riper

Question 10

Speech Correction: Principles and Methods was the

Answer 10

first to classify voice by disorders of pitch, loudness, and quality

Question 11

5 functional aspects of the normal voice

Answer 11

1. must be loud enough to be heard
2. must be produced in a manner that does not produce vocal trauma and thus, laryngeal lesions
3. should be pleasant to listen to and have a pleasing quality
4. should be flexible enough to express emotion
5. should represent the speaker well in terms of age and gender

Question 12

voice disorder

Answer 12

any deviation or aberration in a person’s pitch, loudness, quality, or other basic vocal attribute which consistently does the following

Question 13

voice disorder is any deviation or aberration in a person’s pitch, loudness, quality, or other basic vocal attribute which consistently does the following…

Answer 13

• interferes with communication
• draws unfavorable attention to itself and/or the individual
• adversely affects the speaker or listener
• does not represent the speaker in terms of age, culture, or gender identity

Question 14

voice disorders of phonation

Answer 14

disorders of the voice resulting primarily from action of the vfs causing a voice quality that is unsuitable

Question 15

characteristics consistently demonstrated by voice disorders of phonation

Answer 15

• directly related to vf vibration
• dysphonia
• aphonia

Question 16

dysphonia

Answer 16

something is wrong, but this does not tell you what is wrong

Question 17

aphonia

Answer 17

complete lack of voice

Question 18

voice disorders of resonance

Answer 18

dysfunction in cuppling or uncuppling of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and/or pharynx which affects the quality of the voice

Question 19

characteristics consistently demonstrated by voice disorders of resonance

Answer 19

• hyper nasality
• hypo nasality
• cul-de-sac resonance
• require surgical intervention and cannot typically be worked on behaviorallt

Question 20

cul-de-sac resonance

Answer 20

the air gets where it’s supposed to go, but it doesn’t come out the way it’s supposed to

Question 21

incidence of voice disorders

Answer 21

reasons the incidence of voice disorders is difficult to determine

Question 22

different criteria for voice problems, voice disorders are being diagnosed with increased frequency

Answer 22

• SLP’s understanding voice disorders more
• improved equipment
• more specialty clinics devoted to voice disorders

Question 23

reflects only individuals examined for a voice problem

Answer 23

• to be counted as a voice disorder, you must be diagnosed
• this means that some people with voice disorders aren’t always treated
• evaluation of the voice is always slightly objective to the listener

Question 24

incidence of voice disorder in the US

Answer 24

3%-9%

Question 25

voice disorders: elderly vs. rest of population

Answer 25

• elderly represent 12%-35% of all voice disorders
• decline in motor speech as a result of neurological deficits

Question 26

voice disorders: children (males vs. females)

Answer 26

• boys are more likely to have a voice disorder than girls
• lifestyle, play, video games
• slowly changing due to fading gender stereotypes

Question 27

voice disorders: adults (males vs. females)

Answer 27

• females are more likely to have a voice disorder than males
• professions, social life, society roles
• anatomical factor (the female vfs are different than male vfs)

Question 28

most common type of voice disorder

Answer 28

occupational voice disorders

Question 29

effects of occupational voice disorders

Answer 29

• loss of 2.5 trillion dollars in the US due to voice disorders
• work, insurance, loss of productivity
• at least 25% of the US workforce has a job in which