Exam 1 Review except Musculature Flashcards
general classes of voice disorders
- disorders of phonation
- disorders or resonance
disorders of phonation
disorders of the voice resulting primarily from action of the vfs causing an unsuitable voice quality
disorders of resonance
cuppling and uncuppling of various laryngeal cavities affecting the voice quality
5 layered structures of vfs
- epithelium
- lamina propria: 2. superficial layer, 3. intermediate layer, 4. deep layer - vocalis
superficial layer also contains
Reinke’s space
Reinke’s space
space between epithelium and superficial layer
laryngeal saccules
produce and secrete mucous
The Rehabilitation of Speech was written by
West, Kennedy, and Carr
The Rehabilitation of Speech is about
- organic disorder
- when voice problems are related to a laryngeal dysfunction, there is always a reason
- if properly studied, that reason will be discovered
Speech Correction: Principles and Methods was written by
Charles Van Riper
Speech Correction: Principles and Methods is about
first to classify voice by disorders of pitch, loudness, and quality
adaptive function of the voice
primary function of the larynx is biologic, however, over time its anatomy and physiology have been modified so that it is also capable of voice production
overlaid function of the voice
primary function of the larynx is biologic, however, its anatomy and physiology make it uniquely suited for voice production
layers of the vfs per the body-cover model
- cover
- transition
- body
body-cover model: cover
superficial layer and epithelium
body-cover model: transition
intermediate layer and deep layer
body-cover model: body
thyroarytenoid muscle of vocalis
the glottis
- unpaired
- leaf shaped cartilage
- extends from just above the vfs, up through the hyoid, to base of tongue
the glottis: function
- no function in voice
- functions in swallowing
4 historic periods in the study of voice and throat
- fictious stage
- metaphysical stage
- traditional stage
- realistic stage
- fictious stage
- natural phenomena such as the voice were explained as being magical, religious, or supernatural
- physicians were considered religious figures, and disorders of the throat and voice were treated using folk remedies or via religious ceremony
- metaphysical stage
- our knowledge about the throat and voice was based partly on observation but mainly on speculation
- doctors took the role of philosophers
- traditional stage
- occurred concurrently with the Dark Ages
- period of artistic and intellectual stagnation
- information was based upon revelation, and it typically came from the fathers of the church
- realistic stage
- knowledge was based upon observation and experimentation, medicine (including the study of the throat and voice) became science
- it continues to this day
extrinsic muscles contributing to voice production
- when raising pitch, muscles pull larynx up
- when lowering pitch, muscles pull larynx down
intrinsic muscles contributing to voice production
- open and close vfs
- tense and relax vfs
highest prevalence of voice disorders by gender: children
boys more likely due to lifestyle, but slowly changing
highest prevalence of voice disorders by gender: adults
females more likely due to professions, social life, and society roles
biologic functions of the larynx
- controls air flow during respiration
- protection of the airway from foreign bodies
- thoracic fixation/glottal effort closure reflex
during respiration, when vfs are abducted…
air flows freely
during respiration, when vfs are adducted…
no exchange of air
protection of the airway from foreign bodies
- stage actors involved with smoke
- someone is choking
- allergies
thoracic fixation/glottal effort closure reflex
- brief inhale in
- vfs close
- air pressure builds up
- when you lift, your shoulder girdle and the muscles of your neck fixate around the larynx
occurs during weight bearing activities
aryepiglottic folds
- most superior set of laryngeal folds
- courses from the top of the arytenoids anteriorly to the sides of the epiglottis
function of aryepiglottic folds during swallowing
come inward during swallowing and decrease size of laryngeal opening
parameters which constitute a functional description of the typical voice
- loud enough to be heard
- produced in a manner that does not produce vocal trauma and thus, laryngeal lesions
- pleasant to listen to and have a pleasing quality
- flexible enough to express emotion
- represent the speaker well in terms of age and gender
conus elasticus
- most inferior
- drape over the true vfs and then continue downward and line up the upper trachea
conus elasticus: function
outer most layer of the true vfs
boundaries of the ventricles
space between false vfs and true vfs
how the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles work in concert for voice production
any alterations done to one changes the other
cartilaginous glottis
where the cartilaginous portion of the vfs are
size of cartilaginous glottis
posterior 2/5ths of the glottal space
membranous glottis
portion bordered by membranous vfs
size of membraneous glottis
anterior 3/5ths of the glottal space
vfs as a multi-layered vibrators capable of producing a mucosal wave
- each layer is uniquely deformed by the outgoing airstream
- travels across the mucosa from medial to lateral in the direction of mucosal wave
