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Geography GSG > GSG > Flashcards

GSG Flashcards

1
Q

Global village

A

Globalisation predecessor proposed in the 1960s by Marshall McLuhan. Shift from individualism to retribalisation post-war due to media.

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2
Q

Globalisation

A

Deepening, lengthening, and acceleration of global flows. Coined in 1990s due to increased trade, communist bloc opening, and IT revolution changing exclusivity of flows (digital divide still).

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3
Q

Core periphery/ world systems model

A

Wallerstein, 1974, inevitable inequality as mutually reliant.

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4
Q

Dependency model

A

Frank, 1971, richer promote inequality for own gain.

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5
Q

Modernisation model

A

Rostow, 1960, all have equal opportunity to develop.

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6
Q

KOF globalisation index

A

Swiss Economic Institute, annual, 24 variables. 2018: Belgium and Netherlands 90%, Eritrea 30%.

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7
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

US $2t annually, 6x higher 2007-8, robust Asian flow only dropped 8%

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8
Q

AID

A

0.7% target, 0.5% post-covid agreed by OECD, still only spent 0.33%

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9
Q

Remittances

A

US $500b at 3x international aid, more constant growth, lost through time lag and third parties

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10
Q

Largest amount remittances received

A

India and China 1/4 2019’s total, mainly Asian NEEs near outflow nations

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11
Q

Largest GDP% received in remittances

A

Tonga $190m over 1/3 GDP, mainly fragile economies reliant on diaspora

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12
Q

Largest amount remittances outflows

A

US over 2x elsewhere, China 6th, HICs or well developed NEEs

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13
Q

Trade enablers

A

Lower decentralisation costs, easier data flows, containerisation

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14
Q

Trade blocks

A

Regulatory barriers, protectionism, tariffs

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15
Q

Trade agreements and blocs

A

Aim to stimulate regional trade flows instead of risky autarkic development

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16
Q

Trade agreements and blocs benefits

A

Economic specialisation, frictionless goods and services movements, common external tariff protects from imports, greater market access e.g. 75m Lidl potential customers when 10 countries joined EU in 2004

17
Q

Trade agreements and blocs downsides

A

Foreign goods flood home markets, lessened domestic capability, trade disruption (can help e.g. Greece)

18
Q

Trans-global partnership MERCOSUR

A

4 S American countries formed common market and free residence area to improve relations, 5th world economy, recent disagreement

19
Q

Trans-global partnership Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

A

US withdrew from TPP between pacific rim countries, alternative with similar policies (less trade barriers, investor-state dispute settlement), UK joined in 2023

20
Q

21st century politics

A

Potential nationalism resurgence (Trump, Putin, Bolsanaro) but also no sign of lowered outward investment or less global partnerships

21
Q

Factors in globalisation flows

A

Financial systems and economic strategies, legislation around people movement, technology, security systems, trade agreements, government ideology

22
Q

Injustices from globalisation

A

Changing perspectives, financialisation of development, divisions of labour, people movement, over tourism, environmental actions, housings, climate change

23
Q

Global injustices solutions

A

Ecotourism, fair trade, ethical investment, special and differential treatment, corporate social responsibility, climate change mitigation and adaptation

24
Q

Occupy London

A

2011, camped outside St Paul’s Cathedral, protest bank issues from globalisation, also in Wall Street, links to GFC caused by social elite

25
Q

Amritsar McDonalds

A

India’s biggest McDonalds next to Golden Temple, protests, served 300m in 2017

26
Q

London population % foreign born

A

30%, rural-urban divide, nationalism

27
Q

Global power shifts

A

Lateral before but now also vertical so more regulation, UN can’t govern global space, multipolar world, all nations interconnected so can’t work alone

28
Q

Global governance

A

Steering rules, norms, codes and regulations regulating human activity at a global scale. Now different compared to previous empires

29
Q

Global systems

A

Environmental, political, legal, economic, financial and cultural systems helping organise the world

30
Q

Why do we need global governance

A

Prevent GFC despite national economy integration, control flows, manage inequality, perceived hollowing out of power, criminal networks

31
Q

UN-business partnerships

A

Businesses feed into global governance e.g. 2005 Gucci AID in SSA

32
Q

Forest Stewardship Council

A

Acts under non-state private governance on a global scale, established 1990 to lobby Brazil and India for regulation, certified 190m ha by 2018

Geography GSG (45 decks)

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