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Blood Science > Growth Hormone Disorders > Flashcards

Growth Hormone Disorders Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What cells produce growth hormone and where is it stored

A

Stored in granules
Produced in …

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2
Q

Anatomy of pituitary gland

A

Weighs 0.5g and is composed of 3 parts:

• Anterior pituitary (75%): adenohypophysis
• Posterior pituitary (25%): neurohypophysis
• Pituitary stalk: connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

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3
Q

Synthesis of growth hormone

A

pre-pro growth hormone
pro-growth hormone
growth hormone

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4
Q

Action of the growth hormone

A

-It’s action is mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II)
- These promote cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation

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5
Q

Function of growth hormone

A

• increases cellular uptake of amino acids • increases synthesis of proteins
• increases blood [glucose]
• increases fat metabolism
• promotes epiphyseal bone growth

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6
Q

How is growth hormone regulated

A

-shows diurnal variation
-release affected by growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin

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7
Q

What is somatostatin

A

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

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8
Q

Normal growth

A

• rapid growth during first 2 years of life
• steady growth for about 9 years
controlled by growth hormone
• rapid growth during puberty controlled by growth and sex hormones

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9
Q

Other Hormones involved in Growth

A

• thyroxine
• cortisol
• insulin

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10
Q

What can deficiency in growth hormone cause

A

Dwarfism/some not affected in both adults and children

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11
Q

What can happen when there is an excess of growth hormone

A

Gigantism and acromegaly in both children and adults

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12
Q

Acromegaly

A

Disorder with excess growth In certain parts of the human body eg hand feets

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13
Q

Short Stature in Children

A

• parents who are both short
• inherited diseases eg achondroplasia • poor nutrition
• chronic illness
• psychological factors
• hormonal disorders
• growth hormone deficiency

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14
Q

Causes of Growth Hormone Deficiency

A

• non-endocrine tumours of pituitary and or hypothalamic origin
• generalised pituitary disease of any cause
• congenital deficiency of GHRH

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15
Q

Clinical Features of Growth Hormone Deficiency

A

• short height
• immature face
• skeletal immaturity
• other anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies

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16
Q

Biochemical Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency

A

• random serum [GH] of limited value
• serum [GH] rises after exercise test
• serum [GH] rises during sleep
• failure of clonidine to increase serum [GH] • urinary GH secretion is low

17
Q

Management of Growth Hormone Deficiency

A

• administration of GH until complete growth
• administration of GHRH analogues • use of somatomedin therapy

18
Q

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults

A

• impaired hair growth
• proneness to hypoglycaemia • poor muscular tone
• osteoporosis

19
Q

Causes of Growth Hormone Excess

A

• pituitary adenoma
• ectopic GH production

20
Q

adenoma

A

Bening tumor

21
Q

Clinical Features of Growth Hormone Excess in Children (Gigantism)

A

• abnormal height • myopathy

22
Q

Myopathy

A

Disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibres do not function properly

23
Q

Clinical Features of Growth Hormone Excess in Adults (Acromegaly)

A

• enlargement of bones
• thickening of soft tissues
• prognathism
• increased sweating
• enlargement of internal organs
• headaches / visual disturbances
• paraesthesiae
• impaired glucose tolerance / diabetes • increased incidence of CHD / CVD

24
Q

Biochemical Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Excess

A

• basal serum [GH] is raised in GH excess
• serum [IGF-I] is raised in GH excess
• OGTT to confirm diagnosis of GH excess

25
Q

Management of Growth Hormone Excess

A

• surgical removal of tumour • radiotherapy
• drugs: bromocriptine
octeotride

26
Q

What controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

A

-controlled by peptides released from the hypothalamus eg hypothalamus releases trh that acts on anterior pituitary gland to release tsh whcih acts on the thyroid

27
Q

What controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

A

-controlled by peptides released from the hypothalamus eg hypothalamus releases trh that acts on anterior pituitary gland to release tsh whcih acts on the thyroid

Blood Science (13 decks)

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