Growth Hormone Flashcards
What is GHRH?
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Where is GHRH released from?
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
What does GHRH stimulate?
Release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
Where is growth hormone released from?
The anterior pituitary gland
What factors increase growth hormone release?
High amino acids in the blood Low glucose in the blood Low fatty acids in the blood Exercise Healthy stress Oestrogen
Which cells does GHRH stimulate?
Somatropes in the anterior pituitary gland
What does GH stimulate in the liver?
The release of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and gluconeogenesis
Which tissues are directly affected by GH?
Muscles - increased amino acid uptake
Liver- IGF-1 synthesis and gluconeogenesis
Adipose tissue- lipolysis
What is the affect of GH on adipocytes?
Lipolysis- releasing glycérol and fatty acids, glycerol is then used in the liver to make glucose
What is the impact of IGF-1?
Increase muscle mass (amino acid uptake and protein synthesis)
Increase bone mass and length (acts on osteoblasts, osteoclasts and cartilage
What is the major insulin like growth factor in fetal growth?
IGF-2, whereas it is IGF-2 postnatally
Which hormones stimulate GHRH?
Oestrogen dopamine
Which hormones inhibit GH?
Somatostatin
Progesterone
Which hormones are similar to growth hormone?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin and prolactin
Which chromosome is the gene for Growth hormone located?
Chromosome 17
