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Animal Vet Sciences > Growth & Development > Flashcards

Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

Growth

A

an increase in body weight until mature size is reached

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2
Q

Growth is a result

A

of an increase in cell size and cell numbers with protein deposition resulting

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3
Q

Growth is an increase in the mass of structural tissue (bone, muscle, and connective tissue) and

A

organs accompanied by a change in body form and composition

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4
Q

Development is the

A

directive coordination of all diverse processes until maturity is reached

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5
Q

What does development involve?

A

growth, cellular differentiation and change in body shape and form

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6
Q

What are 3 phases of prenatal life

A

sex cells, embryo, fetus

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7
Q

When does the fetus gain the most weight?

A

last trimester

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8
Q

What are the 6 factors affecting prenatal development?

A

sex, environment, large litters, nutrition, maternal size and age, heredity/genotype

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9
Q

What is embryological development?

A

spherical mass of cells differentiates into specific cell types and eventually into organs

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10
Q

What are the 4 anatomical locations of fat?

A

subcutaneous
intramuscular
intermuscular
mesentery

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11
Q

Subcutaneous fat

A

back fat

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12
Q

Intramuscular fat

A

fat dispersed within muscular tissue (marbling)

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13
Q

Intermuscular fat

A

seem fat, fat between muscles

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14
Q

Mesentery fat

A

organ fat, fat lining cavity in the bodies, lubricates so organs don’t stick and insulation

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15
Q

What are the 3 phases of prenatal development?

A

Sex cells
embryo
fetus

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16
Q

Actrozomal cap

A

take cap off as they approach the egg to penetrate the egg

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17
Q

What affects prenatal development?

A

Hereditary/genotype
Maternal size and age
Nutrition
Large litters
Environment
Sex

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18
Q

Lebito

A

sex drive
is important in breeding

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19
Q

What is the best way to synchronize litter in pigs

A

Abort the litter

20
Q

Madigan squeeze

A

Recreate stresses of being born

21
Q

What is embryological development

A

Spherical mass of cells differentiate into specific cell types and eventually organs

22
Q

Endoderm

A

digestive tract, lungs, and bladder

23
Q

Mesoderm

A

skeletal muscles and connective tissue

23
Q

Ectoderm

A

skin, hair, brain, spinal cord

24
Q

Flushing

A

flushing viable embryos out of an animal in order to use a less valuable animal as a surrogate

25
Q

How are sheep and goats bred artifically?

A

Laparoscopically

26
Q

Stages of an embryo

A
  1. unfertilized egg
  2. 4 cell embryo
  3. 8 cell embryo
  4. 8-16 cell embryo
  5. very early blastocyst
  6. expanded blastocyst
27
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in cell number
most increase in fetus during first 2/3 of prenatal period

28
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size
last trimester of pregnancy and prenatal growth

29
Q

What are the placenta types

A

Diffuse
Cotyledonary
Discoid
Zonary

30
Q

Diffuse placenta

A

multiple attachments

31
Q

Cotylendary placenta

A

attached on coracle junction side

32
Q

Discoid placenta

A

single point of attachment

33
Q

Zonary placenta

A

take complete shape of tissues of fetus

34
Q

Part of placenta

A

placentomes, amnion, coreon, allantois, amniotic sac

35
Q

Stages of parturition

A

Preparation
Expulsion of the fetus
Expulsion of the placenta

36
Q

What begins the process of expulsion of the placenta?

A

Fetal adrenal cortisone

37
Q

Free Martin

A

a sexual abnormality in females born as a twin with a male

38
Q

What is the likelihood of a Free Martin

A

Around 2.5 in 1000

39
Q

At the inflection point, growth rate ______, fat _______, and muscle _______

A

decreases
increases more quickly
increases but not as quick

40
Q

The greater the framing score,

A

the greater the weight

41
Q

Frame is measured at

A

hip height

42
Q

Frame measures from

A

1 (smallest) to 9 (lightest)

43
Q

What does frame size vary between?

A

breeds, biological types, and sex

44
Q

Fat is a function of

A

nutrient allocation as well as maturity

45
Q

Highest distribution of fat in
Beef:
Lamb:
Pork:

A

Intermuscular
Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous

46
Q
A

Animal Vet Sciences (8 decks)

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