Growth & Development

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

an increase in body weight until mature size is reached

Question 2

Growth is a result

Answer 2

of an increase in cell size and cell numbers with protein deposition resulting

Question 3

Growth is an increase in the mass of structural tissue (bone, muscle, and connective tissue) and

Answer 3

organs accompanied by a change in body form and composition

Question 4

Development is the

Answer 4

directive coordination of all diverse processes until maturity is reached

Question 5

What does development involve?

Answer 5

growth, cellular differentiation and change in body shape and form

Question 6

What are 3 phases of prenatal life

Answer 6

sex cells, embryo, fetus

Question 7

When does the fetus gain the most weight?

Answer 7

last trimester

Question 8

What are the 6 factors affecting prenatal development?

Answer 8

sex, environment, large litters, nutrition, maternal size and age, heredity/genotype

Question 9

What is embryological development?

Answer 9

spherical mass of cells differentiates into specific cell types and eventually into organs

Question 10

What are the 4 anatomical locations of fat?

Answer 10

subcutaneous
intramuscular
intermuscular
mesentery

Question 11

Subcutaneous fat

Answer 11

back fat

Question 12

Intramuscular fat

Answer 12

fat dispersed within muscular tissue (marbling)

Question 13

Intermuscular fat

Answer 13

seem fat, fat between muscles

Question 14

Mesentery fat

Answer 14

organ fat, fat lining cavity in the bodies, lubricates so organs don’t stick and insulation

Question 15

What are the 3 phases of prenatal development?

Answer 15

Sex cells
embryo
fetus

Question 16

Actrozomal cap

Answer 16

take cap off as they approach the egg to penetrate the egg

Question 17

What affects prenatal development?

Answer 17

Hereditary/genotype
Maternal size and age
Nutrition
Large litters
Environment
Sex

Question 18

Lebito

Answer 18

sex drive
is important in breeding

Question 19

What is the best way to synchronize litter in pigs

Answer 19

Abort the litter

Question 20

Madigan squeeze

Answer 20

Recreate stresses of being born

Question 21

What is embryological development

Answer 21

Spherical mass of cells differentiate into specific cell types and eventually organs

Question 22

Endoderm

Answer 22

digestive tract, lungs, and bladder

Question 23

Mesoderm

Answer 23

skeletal muscles and connective tissue

Question 23

Ectoderm

Answer 23

skin, hair, brain, spinal cord

Question 24

Flushing

Answer 24

flushing viable embryos out of an animal in order to use a less valuable animal as a surrogate

Question 25

How are sheep and goats bred artifically?

Answer 25

Laparoscopically

Question 26

Stages of an embryo

Answer 26

1. unfertilized egg 2. 4 cell embryo 3. 8 cell embryo 4. 8-16 cell embryo 5. very early blastocyst 6. expanded blastocyst

Question 27

Hyperplasia

Answer 27

increase in cell number most increase in fetus during first 2/3 of prenatal period

Question 28

Hypertrophy

Answer 28

increase in cell size last trimester of pregnancy and prenatal growth

Question 29

What are the placenta types

Answer 29

Diffuse Cotyledonary Discoid Zonary

Question 30

Diffuse placenta

Answer 30

multiple attachments

Question 31

Cotylendary placenta

Answer 31

attached on coracle junction side

Question 32

Discoid placenta

Answer 32

single point of attachment

Question 33

Zonary placenta

Answer 33

take complete shape of tissues of fetus

Question 34

Part of placenta

Answer 34

placentomes, amnion, coreon, allantois, amniotic sac

Question 35

Stages of parturition

Answer 35

Preparation Expulsion of the fetus Expulsion of the placenta

Question 36

What begins the process of expulsion of the placenta?

Answer 36

Fetal adrenal cortisone

Question 37

Free Martin

Answer 37

a sexual abnormality in females born as a twin with a male

Question 38

What is the likelihood of a Free Martin

Answer 38

Around 2.5 in 1000

Question 39

At the inflection point, growth rate ______, fat _______, and muscle _______

Answer 39

decreases increases more quickly increases but not as quick

Question 40

The greater the framing score,

Answer 40

the greater the weight

Question 41

Frame is measured at

Answer 41

hip height

Question 42

Frame measures from

Answer 42

1 (smallest) to 9 (lightest)

Question 43

What does frame size vary between?

Answer 43

breeds, biological types, and sex

Question 44

Fat is a function of

Answer 44

nutrient allocation as well as maturity

Question 45

Highest distribution of fat in Beef: Lamb: Pork:

Answer 45

Intermuscular Subcutaneous Subcutaneous