E3 Reproduction Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 uterus types?
A
Duplex, bicornuate, simplex
2
Q
What 3 animals have a duplex uterus?
A
opossum, mouse, rabbit
3
Q
Duplex uteruses have how many cervixes and no ________ and how many vaginas
A
2 cervixes and no uterine body and 1 or 2 vaginas
4
Q
What 5 animals have bicornuate uteruses?
A
cow, ewe, mare, sow, bitch
5
Q
Characteristics of bicornuate uteruses
A
1 cervix, uterine body, developed urine horns, 1 vagina
6
Q
What 3 animals have extremely long uterine horn?
A
sow, dogs, cats
7
Q
What does extremely long uterine horn enable
A
multiple births
8
Q
What is a common problem in cattle when trying to AI?
A
Think you are in the cervix but are actually in the fornix
9
Q
In cattle, you inseminate the right side uterine horn one month and then the
A
left side uterine horn the next month
10
Q
A sow has broad ligaments which
A
hold uterine horn in place
11
Q
What cervical differences does a mare have compared to a cow?
A
cervical lumen greatly expands and contracts during the estrous cycle
cervix has only longitudinal finds with no transverse cervical rings
12
Q
A cow and ewe has what within their cervix
A
annular rings
13
Q
Avians do not have a uterus, it is a
A
shell gland
14
Q
What are avians anatomical adaptation within their uterus?
A
light for flight
15
Q
Vulva
A
outer covering
16
Q
Labia
A
interior of vulva (acts as a seal)
17
Q
Clitoris
A
similar to penis in males
18
Q
Vagina
A
interior, bladder stems off
19
Q
Cervix
A
beyond vagina, made of cartilage
20
Q
Uterus
A
consists of uterine body and uterine horns
21
Q
Where is semen deposited during AI in cattle?
A
in uterus just beyond cervix
22
Q
Where is semen deposited in sheeP.
A
ejaculation in vagina
23
Q
Boars ejaculate in the
A
cervix
24
Q
Oviduct
A
extends from horns to ovaries
25
What is the first part of the oviduct?
Isthmus
26
Pulsating is much more pronounced in
sows
27
Gametogenic
produce sex cells
28
A follicle resembles a
pimple
29
What acts over the ovary to stimulate follicle growth?
FSH
30
How many follicular waves respond to FSH for ovulation?
2-3
31
What is the Corpus hemiragicle
bloody body where the follicle ruptured
32
Corpus retium is known as the __________ and is the ___
"yellow body"
CL
33
What is a source of progesterone and stops the body from cycling?
Corpus retium
34
If pregnancy is not established
the CL will not lyse
35
Corpus albicans are
tiny scars that remain after complete regression of the earlier lutea
36
What forms after the CL lyses?
Corpus albicans
37
What are the two classifications of follicles?
Normal (healthy) or atretic (degenerating)
38
Testes are descent by birth besides in what animals
whales, dolphins, pachyderms, armadillo, birds
39
The paired testes of male farm mammals are located in a muscular bag called the
scrotum
40
Continuous breeders have a
scrotum
41
Seasonal breeders ascend/descend from the
inguinal canal
42
Scrotum
thermosensor, radiator, protective sac
43
Spermatic Cord
contains testicular arterty, spermatic vein, nerves, vas deferens, external and internal muscles
44
External Cremaster & Tunica Dartos Muscle
regulates temperature by moving testes closer to or farther from the body wall
44
Pampiniform plexus
heat exchange, testosterone exchange, pulse pressure eliminator
45
Sheath
correct angulation desired
46
Inguinal ring
opening in body wall allowing testicles to drop
46
Cryptorchid
can get a female pregnant but sperm production isnt best, testicles in body cavity, can be surgically prepared
47
Smegma
source of boar odor that attracts sows (secreting pheromones, firing salvia)
48
Male genital area is how many degrees cooler than body temperature?
4 to 8 degrees cooler than the rest of the body
49
Cremaster muscle
skeletal muscle, spermatic cord (short term, fear/excitement)
50
Tunica dartos muscle
smooth in scrotum (long term contraction, function lost with contraction)
51
Pampiniform plexus
necessary for spermatogenesis not testosterone production
52
2 ways male reproduction is different than female
dont remain in body cavity and all potential gametes not present at birth
53
Gametogenic
produce sperm cells (seminiferous tubules)
54
Endocrine
produces hormones (Testosterone (Leydig cells))
55
How many days does it take sperm cells to mature?
45-60
56
What are the two categories of penis?
Fibroelastic and vascular
57
Fibroelastic penis
contraction of muscles
58
Vascular penis
blood rushes to penis
59
What is the epididymus?
Tube (duct) leading from the testes
60
The epididymus does what to sperm
collect and stores spem (which migrate slowly)
61
Caput
head
62
Duct
body
63
Cauda
tail
64
Where is the primary site for sperm storage?
Cauda
65
Where do the sperms mature?
Caput and Duct
66
Vas Deferens is the
tubal passageway for sperm/ejaculate mix
67
What connects the epididymus and urethra
Vas Deferens
68
Vas deferens contracts with
peristaltic effect which causes ejaculation
69
What is a vasectomy?
When the Vas Deferens are cut
70
What is the common passageway for semen and urine
Urethra
71
Penis is what type of organ
copulatory
72
What animals have a fibroelastic penis?
bull, ram, boar
73
Fibroelastic penis are what shape
S shaped
74
Fibroelastic penis are more _______ which mean they dont require as much blood for ejection
cartilaginous
75
Fibroelastic penis _________ when erect
straighten
76
The _______ penis muscle in fibroelastic penis restores __________
retractor
sigmoid flexure
77
What animals have a vascular penis?
stallion, dog, cat, man
78
Vascular penis are enlarged by
engorgement of blood
79
A dog has a
os penis bone
80
What is the glans of the penis?
homologue of clitoris
sensory
81
Cat (tom)
spines, disappear with orchidectomy
82
Orchidectomy
surgical removal of one or both testicles
83
Prepuce
foreskin on the sheath
84
Corpus cavernosum (CC)
spongy, erectile tissue
85
Majority of male sheaths are
corpus cavernosum
86
Corpus spongiosum (CS)
around penile urethra
87
Accessory sex glands all contribute to
seminal fluid volume
support nutrition of sperm
smegma
pH buffers
88
Sperm is temperature
dependent
89
Smegma is a harmless combination of
oils, skin cells, swear, and other fluids that accumulate around genitals
90
Seminal vesicles are
pair glands, attached to urethra near bladder, produce large volume of fluids, flushes urethra, acts as a vehicle for sperm transport, also contains fructose
91
Prostate gland
compound gland lying over urethra at neck of bladder
92
Secretions in the prostate gland stimulate
sperm activity
93
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Glands lie below
prostate on either side of urethra
94
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Glands produces
lubricating and cleansing fluid just prior to ejaculation
95
Rams have a similar reproduction tract as
bulls
96
Boars have large testes, inverted with
tail of epididymus uppermost
97
Boars have large
bulbourethral glands (gelatinous secretion)
98
Boars pronounce preputial pouch which contributes to
boar odor, aka boar taint
99
Stall have
horizontal testicles, vascular penis, no sigmoid flexure
100
Roosters testes are
inside body cavity near lungs
101
Roosters have a
cloaca
102
Copulatory organ of a rooster
transports sperm
103
Roosters are temperature independent because
they are inside the body cavity
104
Sperm production is controlled by
FSH
105
Testosterone production is stimulated by
LH
106
Spermatogenesis is similar to oogenesis because it is controlled by
FSH
107
What causes release of dominant follicle>
LH
108
Preputial pouch
pouch forward of the sheath
109
Penectomy
penile diversion
110
BSE
Breeding Soundness Examination
111
Ram have a
hair like appendage at the end of their penis
112
What animals have horizontal testes?
stallion and boar
113
What animals have straight down testes?
Ram and bull
114
Where does a bull and sheep deposit semen?
In the vagina
115
Where does a boar deposit semen?
In the cervix
116
Bloody body
Corpus hemiragicle
117
Yellow body
Corpus retium
118
What animals lack the sigmoid flexure?
Horse and rooster
119
What two things does BSE stand for?
Breeding Soundness Exam &
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
120
What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?
Mad Cow Disease
121
Eutherian
placental mammals
122
Syngamy
fusion of embryo and sperm
occurs in ampullary-isthmus junction
123
Ampullary-isthmus junction
fertilization
124
Uterotubal junction
selective gate passage of individual spermatozoa with normal morphology
125
Precocial
animals born with ability to take care of themselves
126
Preputial
pouch that contributes to smegma
127
Cryptorchid
still fertile
128
Polyspermy
when an osteocyte is penetrated by more than one sperm (we do not want this)
129
Zona pellucola
part of egg to keep polyspermy from happening
130
What does the vet look for when sperm is evaluated?
morphology, motility, density
131
What does a chicken lack?
A uterus
132
3 basic structures of the ovaries
follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albicans
133
Follicle
blister-like structure on ovary that contains maturing egg
134
When a follicle is fully mature,
the follicle ruptures and releases egg
135
Corpus luteum
active tissue that develops on the ovary at the site where an ovum has shed
136
If conception occurs, tissue in the corpus luteum becomes functional, producing
progesterone
137
Corpus albicans
tiny scars that remain after complete regression of the earlier lutea
forms after the CL lyses
138
What the points of attachment on the placenta?
Placetons
139
What is the fetal side of the placenta?
cotyledonary
140
What is the maternal side of the placenta?
caruncle
141
Together, the cotyledonary and caruncle make up the
placentome
