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Animal Vet Sciences > E3 Reproduction Anatomy > Flashcards

E3 Reproduction Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 uterus types?

A

Duplex, bicornuate, simplex

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2
Q

What 3 animals have a duplex uterus?

A

opossum, mouse, rabbit

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3
Q

Duplex uteruses have how many cervixes and no ________ and how many vaginas

A

2 cervixes and no uterine body and 1 or 2 vaginas

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4
Q

What 5 animals have bicornuate uteruses?

A

cow, ewe, mare, sow, bitch

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5
Q

Characteristics of bicornuate uteruses

A

1 cervix, uterine body, developed urine horns, 1 vagina

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6
Q

What 3 animals have extremely long uterine horn?

A

sow, dogs, cats

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7
Q

What does extremely long uterine horn enable

A

multiple births

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8
Q

What is a common problem in cattle when trying to AI?

A

Think you are in the cervix but are actually in the fornix

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9
Q

In cattle, you inseminate the right side uterine horn one month and then the

A

left side uterine horn the next month

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10
Q

A sow has broad ligaments which

A

hold uterine horn in place

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11
Q

What cervical differences does a mare have compared to a cow?

A

cervical lumen greatly expands and contracts during the estrous cycle

cervix has only longitudinal finds with no transverse cervical rings

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12
Q

A cow and ewe has what within their cervix

A

annular rings

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13
Q

Avians do not have a uterus, it is a

A

shell gland

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14
Q

What are avians anatomical adaptation within their uterus?

A

light for flight

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15
Q

Vulva

A

outer covering

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16
Q

Labia

A

interior of vulva (acts as a seal)

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17
Q

Clitoris

A

similar to penis in males

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18
Q

Vagina

A

interior, bladder stems off

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19
Q

Cervix

A

beyond vagina, made of cartilage

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20
Q

Uterus

A

consists of uterine body and uterine horns

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21
Q

Where is semen deposited during AI in cattle?

A

in uterus just beyond cervix

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22
Q

Where is semen deposited in sheeP.

A

ejaculation in vagina

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23
Q

Boars ejaculate in the

A

cervix

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24
Q

Oviduct

A

extends from horns to ovaries

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25
Q

What is the first part of the oviduct?

A

Isthmus

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26
Q

Pulsating is much more pronounced in

A

sows

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27
Q

Gametogenic

A

produce sex cells

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28
Q

A follicle resembles a

A

pimple

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29
Q

What acts over the ovary to stimulate follicle growth?

A

FSH

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30
Q

How many follicular waves respond to FSH for ovulation?

A

2-3

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31
Q

What is the Corpus hemiragicle

A

bloody body where the follicle ruptured

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32
Q

Corpus retium is known as the __________ and is the ___

A

“yellow body”
CL

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33
Q

What is a source of progesterone and stops the body from cycling?

A

Corpus retium

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34
Q

If pregnancy is not established

A

the CL will not lyse

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35
Q

Corpus albicans are

A

tiny scars that remain after complete regression of the earlier lutea

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36
Q

What forms after the CL lyses?

A

Corpus albicans

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37
Q

What are the two classifications of follicles?

A

Normal (healthy) or atretic (degenerating)

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38
Q

Testes are descent by birth besides in what animals

A

whales, dolphins, pachyderms, armadillo, birds

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39
Q

The paired testes of male farm mammals are located in a muscular bag called the

A

scrotum

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40
Q

Continuous breeders have a

A

scrotum

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41
Q

Seasonal breeders ascend/descend from the

A

inguinal canal

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42
Q

Scrotum

A

thermosensor, radiator, protective sac

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43
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

contains testicular arterty, spermatic vein, nerves, vas deferens, external and internal muscles

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44
Q

External Cremaster & Tunica Dartos Muscle

A

regulates temperature by moving testes closer to or farther from the body wall

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44
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

heat exchange, testosterone exchange, pulse pressure eliminator

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45
Q

Sheath

A

correct angulation desired

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46
Q

Inguinal ring

A

opening in body wall allowing testicles to drop

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46
Q

Cryptorchid

A

can get a female pregnant but sperm production isnt best, testicles in body cavity, can be surgically prepared

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47
Q

Smegma

A

source of boar odor that attracts sows (secreting pheromones, firing salvia)

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48
Q

Male genital area is how many degrees cooler than body temperature?

A

4 to 8 degrees cooler than the rest of the body

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49
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

skeletal muscle, spermatic cord (short term, fear/excitement)

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50
Q

Tunica dartos muscle

A

smooth in scrotum (long term contraction, function lost with contraction)

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51
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

necessary for spermatogenesis not testosterone production

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52
Q

2 ways male reproduction is different than female

A

dont remain in body cavity and all potential gametes not present at birth

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53
Q

Gametogenic

A

produce sperm cells (seminiferous tubules)

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54
Q

Endocrine

A

produces hormones (Testosterone (Leydig cells))

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55
Q

How many days does it take sperm cells to mature?

A

45-60

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56
Q

What are the two categories of penis?

A

Fibroelastic and vascular

57
Q

Fibroelastic penis

A

contraction of muscles

58
Q

Vascular penis

A

blood rushes to penis

59
Q

What is the epididymus?

A

Tube (duct) leading from the testes

60
Q

The epididymus does what to sperm

A

collect and stores spem (which migrate slowly)

61
Q

Caput

A

head

62
Q

Duct

A

body

63
Q

Cauda

A

tail

64
Q

Where is the primary site for sperm storage?

A

Cauda

65
Q

Where do the sperms mature?

A

Caput and Duct

66
Q

Vas Deferens is the

A

tubal passageway for sperm/ejaculate mix

67
Q

What connects the epididymus and urethra

A

Vas Deferens

68
Q

Vas deferens contracts with

A

peristaltic effect which causes ejaculation

69
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

When the Vas Deferens are cut

70
Q

What is the common passageway for semen and urine

A

Urethra

71
Q

Penis is what type of organ

A

copulatory

72
Q

What animals have a fibroelastic penis?

A

bull, ram, boar

73
Q

Fibroelastic penis are what shape

A

S shaped

74
Q

Fibroelastic penis are more _______ which mean they dont require as much blood for ejection

A

cartilaginous

75
Q

Fibroelastic penis _________ when erect

A

straighten

76
Q

The _______ penis muscle in fibroelastic penis restores __________

A

retractor
sigmoid flexure

77
Q

What animals have a vascular penis?

A

stallion, dog, cat, man

78
Q

Vascular penis are enlarged by

A

engorgement of blood

79
Q

A dog has a

A

os penis bone

80
Q

What is the glans of the penis?

A

homologue of clitoris
sensory

81
Q

Cat (tom)

A

spines, disappear with orchidectomy

82
Q

Orchidectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both testicles

83
Q

Prepuce

A

foreskin on the sheath

84
Q

Corpus cavernosum (CC)

A

spongy, erectile tissue

85
Q

Majority of male sheaths are

A

corpus cavernosum

86
Q

Corpus spongiosum (CS)

A

around penile urethra

87
Q

Accessory sex glands all contribute to

A

seminal fluid volume
support nutrition of sperm
smegma
pH buffers

88
Q

Sperm is temperature

A

dependent

89
Q

Smegma is a harmless combination of

A

oils, skin cells, swear, and other fluids that accumulate around genitals

90
Q

Seminal vesicles are

A

pair glands, attached to urethra near bladder, produce large volume of fluids, flushes urethra, acts as a vehicle for sperm transport, also contains fructose

91
Q

Prostate gland

A

compound gland lying over urethra at neck of bladder

92
Q

Secretions in the prostate gland stimulate

A

sperm activity

93
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands lie below

A

prostate on either side of urethra

94
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands produces

A

lubricating and cleansing fluid just prior to ejaculation

95
Q

Rams have a similar reproduction tract as

A

bulls

96
Q

Boars have large testes, inverted with

A

tail of epididymus uppermost

97
Q

Boars have large

A

bulbourethral glands (gelatinous secretion)

98
Q

Boars pronounce preputial pouch which contributes to

A

boar odor, aka boar taint

99
Q

Stall have

A

horizontal testicles, vascular penis, no sigmoid flexure

100
Q

Roosters testes are

A

inside body cavity near lungs

101
Q

Roosters have a

A

cloaca

102
Q

Copulatory organ of a rooster

A

transports sperm

103
Q

Roosters are temperature independent because

A

they are inside the body cavity

104
Q

Sperm production is controlled by

A

FSH

105
Q

Testosterone production is stimulated by

A

LH

106
Q

Spermatogenesis is similar to oogenesis because it is controlled by

A

FSH

107
Q

What causes release of dominant follicle>

A

LH

108
Q

Preputial pouch

A

pouch forward of the sheath

109
Q

Penectomy

A

penile diversion

110
Q

BSE

A

Breeding Soundness Examination

111
Q

Ram have a

A

hair like appendage at the end of their penis

112
Q

What animals have horizontal testes?

A

stallion and boar

113
Q

What animals have straight down testes?

A

Ram and bull

114
Q

Where does a bull and sheep deposit semen?

A

In the vagina

115
Q

Where does a boar deposit semen?

A

In the cervix

116
Q

Bloody body

A

Corpus hemiragicle

117
Q

Yellow body

A

Corpus retium

118
Q

What animals lack the sigmoid flexure?

A

Horse and rooster

119
Q

What two things does BSE stand for?

A

Breeding Soundness Exam &
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

120
Q

What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?

A

Mad Cow Disease

121
Q

Eutherian

A

placental mammals

122
Q

Syngamy

A

fusion of embryo and sperm
occurs in ampullary-isthmus junction

123
Q

Ampullary-isthmus junction

A

fertilization

124
Q

Uterotubal junction

A

selective gate passage of individual spermatozoa with normal morphology

125
Q

Precocial

A

animals born with ability to take care of themselves

126
Q

Preputial

A

pouch that contributes to smegma

127
Q

Cryptorchid

A

still fertile

128
Q

Polyspermy

A

when an osteocyte is penetrated by more than one sperm (we do not want this)

129
Q

Zona pellucola

A

part of egg to keep polyspermy from happening

130
Q

What does the vet look for when sperm is evaluated?

A

morphology, motility, density

131
Q

What does a chicken lack?

A

A uterus

132
Q

3 basic structures of the ovaries

A

follicle, corpus luteum, corpus albicans

133
Q

Follicle

A

blister-like structure on ovary that contains maturing egg

134
Q

When a follicle is fully mature,

A

the follicle ruptures and releases egg

135
Q

Corpus luteum

A

active tissue that develops on the ovary at the site where an ovum has shed

136
Q

If conception occurs, tissue in the corpus luteum becomes functional, producing

A

progesterone

137
Q

Corpus albicans

A

tiny scars that remain after complete regression of the earlier lutea
forms after the CL lyses

138
Q

What the points of attachment on the placenta?

A

Placetons

139
Q

What is the fetal side of the placenta?

A

cotyledonary

140
Q

What is the maternal side of the placenta?

A

caruncle

141
Q

Together, the cotyledonary and caruncle make up the

A

placentome

Animal Vet Sciences (8 decks)

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