EXAM 2

Question 1

What was the primary cattle breed used to “improve” native cattle?

Answer 1

Shorthorn

Question 2

What are the 2 main causes of sheep death in the U.S.?

Answer 2

predators and weather

Question 3

What are the 3 things that makes someone a good livestock owner?

Answer 3

Mind that sees, mind that works, action attitude

Question 4

When would you want to send a cow to the feedlot?

Answer 4

past the Infection point

Question 5

Why are cows harvested past the inflection point?

Answer 5

To ensure marbling

Question 6

3 Types of Swine Weaning

Answer 6

Segregated Early
Snatch Farrowing
Medicated Early

Question 6

4 Types of Sheep Primal

Answer 6

leg, loin, flank, front

Question 7

Primal cuts of a cow

Answer 7

chuck, rib, short loin, sirloin, round

Question 7

Pig Primals

Answer 7

shoulder butt, belly, loin, ham, shoulder picnic

Question 7

CTBR

Answer 7

Closely Trimmed Boneless Retail Cuts

Question 8

What three groups made up the “cowboys”

Answer 8

ex soldiers, freed slaves, vaqueros

Question 9

What was the first continental breed

Answer 9

Charlois

Question 10

What was the most important breed in the cattle drive?

Answer 10

Hereford

Question 11

Give one Seedstock examples in the producer pyramid

Answer 11

Swine International

Question 12

Explain commercial in the producer pyramid

Answer 12

Producer- Every spring calving checks

Question 13

Stocker phase in the producer pyramid

Answer 13

Grow as fast & as cheaply as possible

Question 14

What year was the last FMD outbreak in the US?

Answer 14

1929

Question 15

What is the average birth weight of a calf?

Answer 15

70 lbs

Question 16

The rumen microbial population is not present at birth, therefore it develops with

Answer 16

the 1st forage

Question 17

A calf is by a cows side for how many months?

Answer 17

7

Question 18

The standard weaning length for calfs is how many days?

Answer 18

205

Question 19

The average weaning weight is

Answer 19

600 pounds

Question 20

“Stock phase” for cows means

Answer 20

cheap gains (high % forage)

Question 21

Cattle need how many days on high energy feed to transition to white fat?

Answer 21

100

Question 22

When are cattle harvested, is this efficient or not?

Answer 22

Past the inflection point which is less efficient

Question 23

Cattle are harvested past the inflection point to

Answer 23

ensure marbling

Question 24

What is cattle dressing percentage (DP)?

Answer 24

63% (Live Weight X DP = HCW)

Question 25

5 things removed from cattle during slaughter

Answer 25

1. 98% of blood 2. Head 3. Hooves 4. Hide 5. Internal Organs

Question 26

USDA Quality Grades

Answer 26

Prime Choice Select Standard

Question 27

Prime Grade %

Answer 27

10-12% IMF

Question 28

Choice Grade

Answer 28

5-10%

Question 29

Select Grade

Answer 29

3-5%

Question 30

Standard

Answer 30

<3%

Question 31

Cows and mature bulls are harvested and eligible for

Answer 31

Commercial, Utility, Canner

Question 32

Sliding scale

Answer 32

The older the animal the more marbling necessary to grade higher

Question 33

The evolution of modern cattle feedlots began with

Answer 33

cannery waste

Question 34

Define Cannery Waste

Answer 34

Taking advantage of cattle and their ruminants

Question 35

Confinement of Swine

Answer 35

waste issues, animal welfare, NIMBY, environmental management

Question 36

Swine production has shifted to what over the years?

Answer 36

Vertical integration

Question 37

List the 2 leading hog producing states

Answer 37

Iowa & NC

Question 38

Swine production slowly shifted from ______ to _______ and now wants to shift back to ____________

Answer 38

Pasture based to total confinement to pasture based

Question 39

What replaced the classic purebred producer and Boar testing system?

Answer 39

AI & the advent of "genetic companies"

Question 40

Production systems lead to the development of

Answer 40

breed blind hogs

Question 41

Conception to Processing for swine

Answer 41

295 days

Question 42

Birth to slaughter for pigs

Answer 42

180 days

Question 43

birth to nursery for pigs

Answer 43

62 days

Question 44

Farrow length for pigs

Answer 44

17-21 days

Question 45

Nursery length for pigs

Answer 45

45 days

Question 46

finishing length for pigs

Answer 46

118 days

Question 47

What percentage of pork is processed?

Answer 47

62%

Question 48

3 Things for the future of pigs

Answer 48

vertical disintegration pastured pork locally grown

Question 49

7 Major Groups of Canines

Answer 49

Working Herding Hound Sporting Non-sporting Toy Terrier

Question 50

Average Lifespan of Dogs & Cats

Answer 50

12 years

Question 51

Which group is not a good decision for a first time dog owner?

Answer 51

Terrier

Question 52

Which groups are good with children and other dogs?

Answer 52

Labrador retriever siberian husky basset hound

Question 53

Most common breed of cat

Answer 53

Domestic Shorthair/Longhair

Question 54

Which groups of dogs are energetic?

Answer 54

Dalmation Airdale Terrier Poodle Belgian Malinois

Question 55

Where did sheep originate?

Answer 55

Europe and the cooler regions on Asia

Question 56

Sheep are important ruminants in

Answer 56

temperate agriculture

Question 57

New Zealand, Australia, and Saudi Arabia have the higher per capita consumption of

Answer 57

mutton, lamb, and goat meat

Question 58

5 Leading Sheep Countries

Answer 58

China Australia India Iran Sudan

Question 59

4 Commodities Sheep Provide

Answer 59

fiber, milk, meat, hides

Question 60

What percentage of sheep are raised in temperate zones?

Answer 60

60%

Question 61

Fewer than what percentage of sheep are in the tropics?

Answer 61

40%

Question 62

In temperate climates, what traits do sheep have that are an advantage?

Answer 62

large, compact bodies, heavy fleece covering, and storage of subcutaneous fat

Question 63

Selection emphasis on

Answer 63

growth rate, milk production, lambing percentage, and fleece weight

Question 64

What percentage of sheep born in western US are lost before they are marketed? Why?

Answer 64

23% Predators and Weather

Question 65

What makes the purebred sheep industry important?

Answer 65

They determine the genetic productivity of commercial sheep

Question 66

What are the percentages for the total income of lamb? Wool?

Answer 66

85-90%; 10-15%

Question 67

Wool breeds have what percentage of income from the sale of wool?

Answer 67

30-35%

Question 68

Two forms of purebred sheep industry

Answer 68

Farm flocks (50 head or less) & youth projects (4H & FFA)

Question 69

A program to eliminate footrot from a herd or flock involves 3 steps:

Answer 69

prevention eradication surveillance

Question 70

What are some things you can control to prevent the further spread of footrot?

Answer 70

Footbathing Trimming feet Use of antibiotics Vaccination

Question 71

How many times a year should a sheeps feet be trimmed?

Answer 71

1 to 2 times per year

Question 72

What are the 2 clostridial vaccines that are commonly used in sheep and goats

Answer 72

a 3-way vaccine called CDT an 8-way vaccine with the trade name Covexin-8

Question 73

What does CDT protect healthy sheep and goats against?

Answer 73

clostridium perfringins type C and D and clostridium tetani

Question 74

Whats disease does Covexin-8 protect against that CDT doesnt

Answer 74

Blackleg

Question 75

When should pregnant ewes and does be vaccinated with CDT (toxoid)

Answer 75

During their last month of pregnancy

Question 76

First time moms should be vaccinated how many times in late pregnancy and how many weeks before parturition

Answer 76

twice in late pregnancy 3 and 6 weeks before parturition

Question 77

Lambs and kids from unvaccinated dams should receive their first CDT vaccination when they are how many weeks of age? and how many weeks of age should they receive a booster?

Answer 77

3-4 weeks of age 3-4 weeks later

Question 78

Why may earlier vaccinations not be effective?

Answer 78

The immature immune system of young lambs and kids

Question 79

What is the gestation length of sheep?

Answer 79

147 days

Question 80

2 Fine Wool Breeds of Sheep

Answer 80

Merino & Rambouillet

Question 81

& Meat Breeds of Sheep

Answer 81

Cheviot Dorset Hampshire Montadale Shropshire Southdown Suffolk

Question 82

3 Medium Wool/Dual Purpose Breeds of Sheep

Answer 82

Corriedale Columbia Targhee

Question 83

Long Wool Breeds of Sheep

Answer 83

Romney Lincoln

Question 84

Order of popularity of sheep in the us

Answer 84

Suffolk Dorset Hampshire Southdown Rambouillet

Question 85

Describe the Dorset breed of sheep

Answer 85

white face medium size can breed "out of season" high fertility good milkers

Question 86

Describe the Hampshire breed of sheep

Answer 86

black face and legs wool cap on face and legs polled wool blindness good milkers

Question 87

Describe the Suffolk breed of sheep

Answer 87

large frame size black face and legs no wool on face and legs bare bellies spider gene (detrimental recessive gene)

Question 88

The sales of ewes and rams determines the genetic productivity of what

Answer 88

commercial sheep

Question 89

What is the most popular wool breed of sheep in the US

Answer 89

Rambouillet

Question 90

During nonritual harvests for cattle, they are stunned via

Answer 90

captive bolt

Question 91

What state raises the most red meat out of the 50 states

Answer 91

Iowa

Question 92

What part of the pig does the boston butt come from

Answer 92

the shoulder

Question 93

what is the most common type of calf weaning utilized in the us

Answer 93

trailer weaning