Growth and Development (Sigmund Freud)

Question 1

Used to denote an increase in physical size or a
quantitative change.

Answer 1

GROWTH

Question 2

The pattern of physiologic growth is similar to all
people.

Answer 2

GROWTH

Question 3

INDICATORS OF GROWTH:

Answer 3

1. Height
2. Weight
3. Bone size
4. Dentition

Question 4

Used to denote an increase in skill or the ability to
function.

Answer 4

DEVELOPMENT

Question 5

Qualitative change, behavioral aspect of growth.

Answer 5

DEVELOPMENT

Question 6

A synonym for development

Answer 6

MATURATION

Question 7

Behaving in a sensible grown up way

Answer 7

MATURATION

Question 8

1. Growth and development are continuous processes from conception until death.
2. Growth and development proceed in an orderly sequence.
3. Different children pass through the predictable stages at different rates.
4. Development occurs in cephalocaudal direction.
5. Development proceeds from proximal to distal body parts
6. Development proceeds from gross to refined skills (simple to complex acts).
7. There is an optimum time for initiation of experiences & learning.
8. Neonatal reflexes must be lost before development can proceed.
9. A great deal of skill and behavior is learned by practice.

Answer 8

PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Question 9

FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

Answer 9

1. GENETICS
   - Gender
   - Race
   - Health
   - Intelligence

Question 10

FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

Answer 10

2. ENVIRONMENT
   - Socio-economic level
   - Parent-child relationship
   - Ordinal position in the family
   - Health
   - Nutrition

Question 11

a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time in an individual`s life.

Answer 11

DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

Question 12

Its successful achievement will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks.

Answer 12

DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

Question 13

Refers to the Personality Development

Answer 13

SIGMUND FREUD - PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY

Question 14

The concepts of unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, the id, ego and the superego

Answer 14

SIGMUND FREUD - PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY

Question 15

developed during infancy operates under
“pleasure principle”

Answer 15

ID

Question 16

• developed during toddler period operates under “reality principle”
• balances ID and Superego

Answer 16

EGO

Question 17

developed during preschool period operates under “conscience-morality principle”

Answer 17

SUPEREGO

Question 18

• Child explores the world by using the mouth, esp.
  the tongue.

Answer 18

ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)

Question 19

Feelings of dependence arise & can persist through
life.

Answer 19

ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)

Question 20

FIXATION: difficulty in trusting others may be
demonstrated by:
1. Nail-biting
2. Smoking
3. Overeating
4. Alcoholism
5. Argumentativeness
6. Overdependence

Answer 20

ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)

Question 21

POSITIVE OUTCOME: produces pleasure & sense of
comfort & safety.

Answer 21

ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)

Question 22

NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
1. Provide oral stimulation like pacifiers.
2. Do not discourage thumb sucking.
3. Encourage breastfeeding rather than bottle feeding because it requires the infant to expend more energy.
4. Encourage the caregiver to have feeding
pleasurable & provide when required.

Answer 22

ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)

Question 23

Anus & rectum are the centers of pleasure.

Answer 23

ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)

Question 24

It occurs during toilet training in which child learns
to control urination & defecation.

Answer 24

ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)

Question 25

FIXATION: results in obsessive compulsive personality traits (cruelty, temper tantrums, etc.)

Answer 25

ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)

Question 26

POSITIVE OUTCOME: creative personality & productivity.

Answer 26

ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)

Question 27

NURSING IMPLICATIONS 1. Help the child achieve bowel & bladder elimination without undue emphasis on its importance. 2. Even when hospitalized, continue toilet training.

Answer 27

ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)

Question 28

Genitals are the center of pleasure

Answer 28

PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)

Question 29

Child learns sexual identity through the awareness of the genital area.

Answer 29

PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)

Question 30

Masturbation offers pleasure

Answer 30

PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)

Question 31

FIXATION: results in difficulties with sexual identity & problems with authority

Answer 31

PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)

Question 32

POSITIVE OUTCOME: encourages identity & identifies with the parent of the opposite sex & later takes on a love relationship.

Answer 32

PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)

Question 33

refers to the male child`s attraction to his mother & hostile attitudes to his father.

Answer 33

Oedipus Complex-

Question 34

refers to the female child`s attraction to his father & hostile attitudes to his mother.

Answer 34

Electra Complex-

Question 35

NURSING IMPLICATIONS: 1. Explain to the caregiver to accept the child`s interest like fondling with his genitals. 2. Help the parents answer the child`s questions about birth & sexual differences.

Answer 35

PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)

Question 36

Child`s personality dev’t appears to be non-active or dormant

Answer 36

LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)

Question 37

Energy is directed to physical & intellectual activities

Answer 37

LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)

Question 38

Sexual impulses tend to be repressed

Answer 38

LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)

Question 39

FIXATION: obsessiveness & lack of self-motivation

Answer 39

LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)

Question 40

POSITIVE OUTCOME: high self-esteem

Answer 40

LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)

Question 41

NURSING IMPLICATIONS 1. Help the child to have positive experiences to help in the dev`t of his self-esteem. 2. Help the child prepare for the conflicts of adolescence. 3. Encourage the child with intellectual & physical pursuits.

Answer 41

LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)

Question 42

Energy is directed towards attaining a mature sexual relationship

Answer 42

GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)

Question 43

This involves reactivation of the pre-genital impulses

Answer 43

GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)

Question 44

FIXATION: results in sexual problems (frigidity, impotence & inability to have a satisfactory sexual relationship).

Answer 44

GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)

Question 45

POSITIVE OUTCOME: achievement of independence & wise decision making.

Answer 45

GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)

Question 46

NURSING IMPLICATIONS 1. Encourage separation from parents. 2. Provide opportunities for the child to relate to the opposite sex. 3. Allow the child to verbalize feelings about new relationships.

Answer 46

GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)