Growth and Development (Sigmund Freud) Flashcards
Used to denote an increase in physical size or a
quantitative change.
GROWTH
The pattern of physiologic growth is similar to all
people.
GROWTH
INDICATORS OF GROWTH:
- Height
- Weight
- Bone size
- Dentition
Used to denote an increase in skill or the ability to
function.
DEVELOPMENT
Qualitative change, behavioral aspect of growth.
DEVELOPMENT
A synonym for development
MATURATION
Behaving in a sensible grown up way
MATURATION
- Growth and development are continuous processes from conception until death.
- Growth and development proceed in an orderly sequence.
- Different children pass through the predictable stages at different rates.
- Development occurs in cephalocaudal direction.
- Development proceeds from proximal to distal body parts
- Development proceeds from gross to refined skills (simple to complex acts).
- There is an optimum time for initiation of experiences & learning.
- Neonatal reflexes must be lost before development can proceed.
- A great deal of skill and behavior is learned by practice.
PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
- GENETICS
- Gender
- Race
- Health
- Intelligence
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
- ENVIRONMENT
- Socio-economic level
- Parent-child relationship
- Ordinal position in the family
- Health
- Nutrition
a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time in an individual`s life.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
Its successful achievement will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
Refers to the Personality Development
SIGMUND FREUD - PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
The concepts of unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, the id, ego and the superego
SIGMUND FREUD - PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
developed during infancy operates under
“pleasure principle”
ID
- developed during toddler period operates under “reality principle”
- balances ID and Superego
EGO
developed during preschool period operates under “conscience-morality principle”
SUPEREGO
- Child explores the world by using the mouth, esp.
the tongue.
ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
Feelings of dependence arise & can persist through
life.
ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
FIXATION: difficulty in trusting others may be
demonstrated by:
1. Nail-biting
2. Smoking
3. Overeating
4. Alcoholism
5. Argumentativeness
6. Overdependence
ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
POSITIVE OUTCOME: produces pleasure & sense of
comfort & safety.
ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
1. Provide oral stimulation like pacifiers.
2. Do not discourage thumb sucking.
3. Encourage breastfeeding rather than bottle feeding because it requires the infant to expend more energy.
4. Encourage the caregiver to have feeding
pleasurable & provide when required.
ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
Anus & rectum are the centers of pleasure.
ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
It occurs during toilet training in which child learns
to control urination & defecation.
ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
FIXATION: results in obsessive compulsive
personality traits (cruelty, temper tantrums, etc.)
ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
POSITIVE OUTCOME: creative personality &
productivity.
ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
1. Help the child achieve bowel & bladder elimination
without undue emphasis on its importance.
2. Even when hospitalized, continue toilet training.
ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
Genitals are the center of pleasure
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Child learns sexual identity through the awareness
of the genital area.
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Masturbation offers pleasure
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
FIXATION: results in difficulties with sexual identity &
problems with authority
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
POSITIVE OUTCOME: encourages identity & identifies
with the parent of the opposite sex & later takes on a
love relationship.
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
refers to the male child`s attraction to his mother & hostile attitudes to his father.
Oedipus Complex-
refers to the female child`s attraction to his father & hostile attitudes to his mother.
Electra Complex-
NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
1. Explain to the caregiver to accept the childs interest like fondling with his genitals.
2. Help the parents answer the childs questions about birth & sexual differences.
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Child`s personality dev’t appears to be non-active
or dormant
LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Energy is directed to physical & intellectual activities
LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Sexual impulses tend to be repressed
LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
FIXATION: obsessiveness & lack of self-motivation
LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
POSITIVE OUTCOME: high self-esteem
LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
1. Help the child to have positive experiences to help in the dev`t of his self-esteem.
2. Help the child prepare for the conflicts of adolescence.
3. Encourage the child with intellectual & physical pursuits.
LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Energy is directed towards attaining a mature
sexual relationship
GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
This involves reactivation of the pre-genital
impulses
GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
FIXATION: results in sexual problems (frigidity,
impotence & inability to have a satisfactory sexual
relationship).
GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
POSITIVE OUTCOME: achievement of independence
& wise decision making.
GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
1. Encourage separation from parents.
2. Provide opportunities for the child to relate to the opposite sex.
3. Allow the child to verbalize feelings about new relationships.
GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
