Growth and development

Question 1

SIDS characteristics -

Answer 1

<1yo and unexplained death (dx of exclusion)

MC age - (2-4mo) (rare <4w or >6mo)

Question 2

Plagiocephaly is?

Answer 2

Flat spot on baby’s head

Question 3

When does plagiocephaly typically improve?

Answer 3

2-3mo

Question 4

When to TXT Placiocephaly?

Answer 4

No improvement in 4-6mo > craniofacial specialist (helmet/PT) Txt torticollis

Question 5

Def of craniosynostosis?

Answer 5

Premature closure of cranial sutures

Question 6

TXT for craniosynostosis?

Answer 6

Elective surgery at 6mo

Question 7

CI to breastfeeding?

Answer 7

Lithium 
Radioactive/antineoplastic/immunosuppressive
Antithyroid Rx
Drugs/ETOH
Infections

Question 8

Infections making breastfeeding CI

Answer 8

HIV
Active TB
Varicella
H1N1
HSV of breast

Question 9

Types of dwarfism?

Answer 9

Psychosocial dwarfism - Fx of GH deficit

Laron drawfism - Fx of Increased GH w/out IGF-1

Question 10

Definition of FTT?

Answer 10

<3%
Wgt decreases past 2 percentile lines
<80% wgt median for hgt

Question 11

Classifications of FTT?

Answer 11

Wasting - type I
Stunting - type II
Symettric - type III

Question 12

Wasting - type I defined?

Answer 12

Deficit in wgt gain = Malnutrition

Question 13

Stunting - type II defined?

Answer 13

Deficit in hgt (head ok) = Months malnutrition

Question 14

Symmetric - type III defined?

Answer 14

Proportional deficits = longstanding malnutrition, chromosomal ABNLs, congenital infections, teratogenic exposure

Question 15

Admitted child - feeds fine and gains wgt suggests?

Answer 15

Poor feeding at home

Question 16

Admitted child - feeds fine but doesn’t gain wgt suggests?

Answer 16

Endocrine/metabolic d/o

Malabsorption

Question 17

Admitted infant - feeds poorly in hospital suggests?

Answer 17

Difficulty sucking/swallowing (Neuromuscular)
Poor intake (req small feedings only)
Frequent vomiting/regurgitation (GI structural defect)

Question 18

TXT of FTT?

Answer 18

Nutrition mgmt.

• increase calories/proteins to >1.5x
• Supplement vitamins/minerals

Question 19

Complications of FTT

Answer 19

Malnutrition-infection cycle

Refeeding syndrome

Question 20

Malnutrition-infection cycle is?

Answer 20

Recurrent infections exacerbate malnutrition and so on

Question 21

Refeeding syndrome is?

Answer 21

Starvation protects homeostasis/lytes; however, rapid feeding may cause loss of fluid/lytes…
PO4, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ become unbalanced leading to life threatening cardiac/pulm/neuro issues