GI disorders Flashcards
TXT for thrush?
1L Nystatin - not systemic
2L Azole antifungals (Fluconazoles)
If infant is being treated for Thrush what other consideration is there for TXT?
Txt of Moms nipples/areolae
or
Boil bottle nipples 20m
GER is normal in what age ranges?
<8-12mo (Must stop 9-12mo)
Considerations if child has GER?
Adequate nutrition
No S/S of resp complication or esophagitis
When does GER become GERD?
FTT or poor growth
Esophagitis - Pain/IDA
Breathing difficulties (Apnea, Wheeze, cough, stridor)
Complications of GERD
Dyspepsia
Esophageal stricture
Asthma
Barretts esophagus
Gold standard for Dx GERD?
24hr esophageal pH probe
- admit (intranasal probe)
Other Dx tests for GERD?
GI - barium flouroscopy
Upper endoscopy
GI Barium flouroscopy rules out?
Anatomic causes:
- Outlet obstruct (strictures)
- Malrotation
- Hiatal Hernia
Best for evaluating GERD progression?
Upper endoscopy:
development of PUD, strictures
GER/GERD conservative TXT?
Lifestyle mod
Casein hydrolysate formula
Common sense -Older PEDs
GERD Rx TXT
H2 blockers - Ranitidine
Prokinetic - Metoclopromide
PPI
GERD surgical TXT
Fundoplication - Nissan operation
Jejunostomy - req feeding tubes
Esophagitis 3 common causes?
GERD
Candida
Rx/Caustic ingestion
Primary S/S of esophagitis?
Retrosternal/epigastic pain
Best method to Dx esophagitis?
Endoscopy
TXT of Esophagitis? (5)
Fluids Viscous lidocaine PPI Sucralfate Metoclopramide
Different age Presentations of EOS esophagitis?
Young - Vomit, food/drink aversion, FTT
School aged - Vomit, vague abd pain
Adolescents - Dysphagia, food impactions
EOS esophagitis is Dx via?
Endoscopy + Bx
Barium Swallow
Allergy Patch testing or RAST (blood)
Txt EOS esophagitis?
High dose PPI
ID and eliminate antigen
Fx GI d/o of childhood?
Fx ABD pain (+ IBS)
Fx Diarrhea
Fx constipation
Peak incidence of Recurrent abd pain ?
7-12yo
Characteristics of Fx abd pain?
Almost daily pain (worse in AM)
Not ass/w meals or defecation
Ass/w Anxiety/perfectionism (school stress)
— Pvt school attendance at times
Fx ABD pain criteria?`
Once/wk for >2mo AND all -
Abd pain that is episodic or continous
Doesnt fit other GI criteria
No evidence of other processes.
A Subset of Fx Abd pain?
Irritable Bowel syndrome
Criteria for IBS?
Once/wk >2mo AND all -
- Abd discomfort or Pain + at least 2
1. Defecation helps, 2. change stool freq, 3. stool form - No evidence of other processes.
General characteristics of IBS?
Stool freq/consistency changes w/ pain onset
Stools change from diarrhea to constipation often
Defecation relieves pain
Common IBS lifestyle associations?
Anxiety, Peer relationships, Avoids school, 2ndy gains
Another name for Fx diarrhea?
Toddler’s diarrhea
Def of Fx diarrhea?
Freq watery stools in presence of normal growth and weight gain.
What are causes of Fx diarrhea?
Excess intake of sweetened liquids
Criteria of Fx diarrhea?
ALL
- Daily painless >2 large unformed stools while awake
- S/S lasts >4w
- S/S onset 6-36mo age
- No FTT
Fx d/o mgmt?
Normal activies right away (break cycle)
Fiber, probiotics, CBT, amitriptyline, SSRI
Good rapport w/ pt/family
Lifestyle mod (S/S diary, reassure, relax, diet)
Constipation is defined as?
<3 stools/wk OR or passage of hard pellet stools >2wks
Common ages constipation can occur?
6mo - Solid foods started
2-3yo - Fx constipation (toilet training)
4-5yo - School starts
Fx constipation is defined as?
Voluntary withholding stool (retentive posture)
<3 stools/wk
Large diameter painful stools
Encorpresis
Txt of Fx constipation?
Polyethylene glycol or milk of magnesia (stool soft)
Mineral oil
Sits on toilet 1st thing in AM and after meals
Gastro-colic reflex is?
Urge to defecate following a meal.
Encopresis is?
> 4yo regular passing of stool other than in a toilet.
What gender is encopresis more common in?
Males
Etiology of encopresis?
Chronic constipation (MC cause) Non-retentive soiling (Emotional/situational)
Encopresis work up is tailored how?
Similar to a constipation W/U
+- KUB (fecal mass size, placement, rectal dilation)
If Hirsachsprungs dz is suspected what are specific studies?
Anal manometry
Colonoscopy
Barium Enema
Mgmt of encopresis due to MC cause?
--- Fx constipation Education Lfestyle mod (diary) Diet changes (fluid/fiber, exercise, less cow milk) Rx - Stool softeners \+- disimpaction if needed 1st
Mgmt of encopresis due to other causes?
— Emotional/situational
CBT, diet, lifestyle
Celiac disease is defined as?
Allergy to Gluten ingestion leading to malnutrition
Celiac disease is AKA?
Sprue gluten-sensitive enteropathy
Celiac disease is ass/w what conditions?
DM1
Thyroiditis
Turner syndrome
Trisomy 21
S/S of celiac disease?
Diarrhea +- constipation Abdominal bloating FTT, Irritable Decreased appetite, Ascites Extra-intestinal manifestations (list if possible)
Ascites is a sign of what lab diagnostic?
Hypoproteinemia (ass/w celiac disease, etc)
Extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease?
Osteoporosis Pulm hemorrhage Seizures or encephalopathy Dermatitis Herpetiformis Erythema nodosum
Dx of celiac disease is made by?
(While eating gluten products)
Serum IgA anti-GLIADIN ABs
IgA tiss Transglutaminase AND anti-ENDOMYSIAL ABs
Endoscopic SML intestine Bx
Endoscopic SML intestine Bx can be used to determine what? How?
Celiac disease
- Villous atrophy
- Crypt hyperplasia
- Mucosal inflammation
- Increased intraepithelial lymph
TXT of celiac disease?
Lifelong gluten avoidance
What is ok to eat w/ celiac disease?
Oats, Rice, Tapioca, Corn, Buckwheat
ALL in small quantities
Allergic Colitis is AKA? defined as?
Milk protein allergy — Milk/soy protein induced colitis
When does allergic colitis typically resolve w/ PEDs?
6-18mo
Allergic collitis is MC w/ formula fed or breast fed?
Formula fed
S/S of allergic collitis?
+- Abd distention
Gas and Fussiness after feeds
Loose stools that are blood streaked
What is typically absent in allergic colitis?
N/V or ABD pain
Allergic colitis W/U?
CBC
EOS in feces and rectal mucosa via Bx
TXT of Allergic Colitis?
Diet modification
Casein hydrolysate
Acute gastroenteritis is def as?
Inflammation due to viral/bacterial/parasitic infection of the GI tract.