Growth and Development Flashcards
Refers to the “QUANTItative” changes in an individual as he progresses in chronological age.
Growth
May refer to increases in size, height, or weight.
Growth
Refers to “QUALItative” changes.
Development
Continuous process from womb to tomb.
Development
Continue throughout life but stops with attainment of maturity.
Growth
One of the parts of development.
Growth
Growth is one of it’s parts.
Development
May or may not bring about development.
Growth
Possible without growth.
Development
Is a series of orderly progression towards maturity.
Development
What are the factors influencing growth and development?
- Maturation/Nature
- Environmental Influences/Nurture
Refers to the natural growth resulting from heredity.
Nature
In and through which the growing takes place.
Nurture
What are the 7 principles of Development
- Development follows an orderly sequence which is predictable.
- The rate of development is unique in each individual.
- Development involves change.
- Early development is more critical than later development
- Development is the product of maturation and learning.
- Principle of inter-related development.
- There are social expectations for every developmental period which are often referred to as developmental task.
Patterns of Physical Development?
Cephalocaudal Pattern and Proximodistal pattern
During infancy, the greatest growth always occur at the top. Development of upper limbs before lower limbs. (Head to toe)
Cephalocaudal Pattern
Muscular control of the trunk and arms comes earlier as compared to the hands and finger.
Proximodistal pattern
Also referred to as areas of development.
Domains of Development
4 Domains of Development
-Physical Development
-Social/ Emotional Development
-Language Development
-Cognitive Development
Physical Development particularly the large muscles in the body such as legs, arms, and the chest.
Gross motor development
Physical Development particularly, the small muscles such as those in hand, fingers, lips and tongue. (Ex: Hand - Eye Coordination)
Fine motor development
Refers to the development of self concept and self-esteem as well as the ability to express feelings and form relationship with others.
Social/Emotional Development
Speech- production of sounds ( articulation) and voice quality.
- understanding or comprehending (receptive language) and being able to communicate using language ( expressive language).
Language Development
Thinking processes such as concentrating, imaging, problem-solving, using logic, organizing information and using symbols.
Language development are closely linked to this.
Cognitive Development
Last from about 2 months after conception until 9 months when the infant is born.
Fetal Period
Birth to 2 weeks of life.
Infancy
Shortest of all developmental periods.
Infancy
Infant -suggests extreme helplessness
Infancy
Subdivisions of Infancy
Period of Partunate and Period of Neonate
Subdivision of infancy from the time fetal body has emerged from the mother’s body and lasts until the umbilical cord has been cut and tied.
Period of Partunate
Subdivision of infancy from the cutting and tying of the umbilical cord to the end of second week of the postnatal life.
Period of Neonate
2nd week and 2 years of life
Babyhood stage
Characterized by decreasing dependency for the reason that this is the time when babies achieve enough body control to become independent.
Babyhood stage
Babyhood skills___ and ____.
Hand skills and leg skills
Forms of communication crying, cooing, babbling, gesturing And emotional expression.
Babyhood stage
Are babies capable of establishing friendships? True or false.
True
3-5 years old
Early childhood
Years before formal schooling begins.
Early childhood
Pre-gang, exploratory, and questioning age, when language and elementary reasoning are acquired and initial socialization is experienced.
Early childhood
Learning to walk.
Early childhood
Learning to crawl.
Early childhood
Learning to take solid food.
Early childhood
Learning to talk.
Early childhood
Learning to control the elimination of body wastes.
Early childhood
Learning sex differences and sexual modesty.
Early childhood
Getting ready to read.
Early childhood
Forming concepts and learning language to describe social and physical reality.
Early childhood
Ages 6-12
Middle and Late Childhood
Industry vs. Inferiority
Middle and Late childhood
Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills and play skills are developed.
Middle and Late childhood
Fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered.
Middle and late childhood
The child is formally exposed to the larger world and it’s culture.
Middle and late childhood
Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child’s world and self-control increases.
Middle and Late childhood
Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games.
Middle and late childhood
Learning to get along with age mates.
Middle and Late childhood
Building wholesome attitudes towards oneself as a growing organism.
Middle and Late childhood
Learning an appropriate masculine or feminine social role.
Middle and Late childhood
Developing concepts necessary for everyday living.
Middle and Late childhood
Developing conscience, morality and a scale of values.
Middle and Late Childhood
Achieving personal independence.
Middle and Late childhood
