Cognitive Development Theory And Socio-Cultural Theory Flashcards
He was a child prodigy who published his first article in a referred journal at age 11.
Jean Piaget
He observed that young children think in strikingly different ways compared to adults.
Jean Piaget
4 Basic Concepts of Cognitive Development Theory
- Schema
- Assimilation
- Accommodation
- Equilibrium
The cognitive structure by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their environment. ( Stock knowledge).
Schema
The process of fitting new experiences into an existing created schema.
Assimilation
The process of creating a new schema.
Accommodation
Achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.
Equilibrium
4 Stages of Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor Stage
- Preoperational Stage
- Concrete Operational Stage
- Formal Operational Stage
Stage of Cognitive Development happened (birth to 2 years)
Sensorimotor Stage
Ability attained in this stage where he knows that an object still exists when out of sight.
Object Permanence
Stage of Cognitive Development where senses and motor capabilities are becoming more organized in his movement activity. And suggested at this stage parents should aim to provide a “rich and stimulating environment with appropriate objects to play with”.
Sensorimotor Stage
Stage of Cognitive Development the child begins to use language, represent the word symbolically, egocentric thinking is observed; difficulty seeing things from other point of views, classified objects by single feature i.e. color.
Preoperational Stage (2-7years)
What are the 7 cognitive development highlighted under preoperational Stage.
- Symbolic Function
- Egocentrism
- Centration
- Lack of Conservation
- Irreversibility
- Animism
- Realism
Cognitive Development:
The ability to represent objects and event.
Symbolic Function
A child DRAWS a sun to represent hot. Is an example of what cognitive development?
Symbolic Function
The tendency of a child to only see his point of view and assume that everyone else also has his same point of view.
Egocentrism
When the waiter asked the child what’s his order the child said “ Kagaya kahapon”. Is an example of ______
Egocentrism
The tendency of the child to only focus on one thing or event and exclude other aspects.
Centration
The inability to realize that some things remain unchanged despite looking different. (Volume of water or coins vs. paper money)
Lack of Conservation
Preoperational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking.
Irreversibility
The tendency of the child to attribute human like traits to inanimate objects.
Animism
Believing that psychological events, such as dreams, are real.
Realism
Cognitive Development stage (7-11 years).
This stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think “LOGICALLY” but only in terms of concrete objects; covers the elementary school years.
Concrete Operational Stage
4 cognitive development highlighted under concrete Operational Stage
- Decentering
- Reversibility
- Conservation
- Seriation
The ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations
Decentering
The ability of the child to follow that certain operations can be done in reverse.
Reversibility
The ability to know that certain properties of objects like number, mass ,volume or area do not change even if there is a change in appearance.
Conservation
The ability to arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume, size , etc.
Seriation
Cognitive Development stage (11 and above)
Thinking becomes more logical. They can now solve abstract problems and can hypothesize.
Formal Operational Stage
3 cognitive development highlighted under Formal operational stage.
- Hypothetical Reasoning
- Analogical Reasoning
- Deductive Reasoning
Ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and weigh data to make judgement.
Hypothetical Reasoning
Ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and use that relationship to narrow down possible answers in similar problems.
Analogical Reasoning
Ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular situation.
Deductive Reasoning
Proponent of Cognitive Development Theory
Jean Piaget
Proponent of Socio-Cultural Theory
Lev Vgoysky
-Born in Russia in 1986
- His work began when he was studying learning and development to improve his own teaching.
-He wrote on language, thought, Psychology of art, learning and development, and educating students with special needs.
Lev Vgoysky
Key theme of Vgoysky’s their is that ________ plays a very important role on cognitive Development.
Social Interaction
Vgoysky recognized that _____ and ____ are 2 central factors in cognitive development.
Social interaction and language
_____ is Vgoysky’s term for the appropriate assistance given by the teacher to assist the learner accomplish a task.
Scaffolding
Enumerate Differences of Piaget’s and Vgoysky’s theory
- Piaget’s (more INDIVIDUAL in focus) Vgoysky’s (more SOCIAL in focus
- (P) Believed there are universal stages of cognitive development.
(V) Did not propose stages but emphasized on “CULTURAL FACTORS” in cognitive development - (P) Did not give much emphasis on language.
(V) Stressed the role of “LANGUAGE” in cognitive development (private speech/self talk)
What does ZPD Stands for?
Zone of Proximal Development
This refers to the difference between what a learner can do with assistance.
Zone of Proximal Development
Level that the learner achieves with the “assistance” of the teacher or a more advanced peer.
Potential Level
Level that the learner achieves “alone”.
Actual Level
What does MKO Stands for?
More knowledgeable other
Term use for Competent adult or more advanced peer.
More knowledgeable other (MKO)
How to get the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
Potential Level - Actual Level= ZPD
