Groups in the Periodic Table

Question 1

Properties of alkali metals

Answer 1

One outer shell electron
Low melting and boiling points
Very soft
Form ionic compounds

Question 2

Reactivity of alkali metals

Answer 2

Only one outer shell electron so very reactive
As you go down group 1, more reactive as negative outer shell electron is further from positive nucleus attracting it
Less energy required to remove it from outer shell

Question 3

Reaction of alkali metals with water facts

Answer 3

Reacts vigorously 
Produces hydrogen gas and hydroxide 
Metal floats on surface of water
Sodium melts
Potassium melts and may ignite hydrogen produced

Question 4

Properties of halogens

Answer 4

7 outer shell electrons
Exist as diatonic molecules
Melting and boiling points increase further down the group

Question 5

Chlorine at room temperature

Answer 5

Green gas

Question 6

Bromine at room temperature

Answer 6

Red-brown liquid

Question 7

Iodine at room temperature

Answer 7

Dark grey crystalline solid

Question 8

Test for chlorine

Answer 8

Place damp blue litmus paper over mystery gas
Paper turns red as dissolved chlorine (HCl) is acidic
Paper turns white as chlorine bleaches

Question 9

Reactivity of halogens

Answer 9

Very reactive as only 1 electron needed to be full
Reactivity decreases as going down as outer shell is further from positive nucleus, so attraction needed to get negative electron is weaker

Question 10

Reaction of halogens with metals facts

Answer 10

Reacts vigorously 
Forms salts (metal halides)

Question 11

Reaction of halogens with metals facts

Answer 11

Forms hydrogen halides

Soluble to form acidic solutions

Question 12

Properties of noble gases

Answer 12

Colourless
Full outer shell electron 
Monatomic (made up of single atoms)
Inert 
Non-flammable

Question 13

Uses of noble gases

Answer 13

Provide inert atmosphere
Filament lamps (argon)
Flash photography (argon, krypton, xenon)
Welding (argon, helium)
Airships and balloons (helium as lower density than air)